Qian Mu’s Study Of Human Nature

The issue of human nature has always been a key issue of great concern in Chinese philosophy.Although ancient sages and sages have proposed different viewpoints,there is still no conclusive conclusion to this day.Everything in the world is closely related to human activities,and the exploration of human nature is the core of solving all problems.Especially at a critical moment when there is a fierce collision between Chinese and Western cultures,and national cultures do not know where to develop,the resolution of human nature issues becomes particularly important.With the development and evolution of the times,the academic and modern values of Qian Mu’s theory of human nature have become increasingly prominent.Further research on Qian Mu’s theory of human nature stems from the crisis awareness of modernity issues in China today;On the other hand,it has important theoretical and practical significance for people to understand and respond to the challenges of modernity faced by the world.The article takes "nature" and "human nature" in traditional Chinese culture as the starting point,and through systematic reading and research of Qian Mu’s relevant works,it sorts out the theoretical origin,theoretical framework,implementation path,contribution and value of Qian Mu’s theory of human nature,and systematically interprets the theoretical system of Qian Mu’s theory of human nature.Qian Mu’s theory of human nature not only inherits the traditional theory of human nature,but also innovates on the basis of traditional theory of human nature.Overall,Qian Mu’s theory of human nature mainly inherits and develops the "benevolence based" thought in the traditional Confucian tradition of Mencius’ "theory of human nature based on goodness".At the same time,he conducted in-depth exploration of Western culture,and on the basis of inheritance,exploration,and innovation,formed the idea of the nature of humanity,that is,human nature.Human nature originates from nature,the mind comes from nature,and nature connection is the heart;The heart is the embodiment of the nature of heaven and earth,and the heart is the core of the great life of the universe;Life is the carrier of human nature,and the realization of humanistic life is the highest ideal of his theory of human nature.Qian Mu’s theory of human nature runs through his understanding of the unity of heaven,humanity,and nature,and is also the red line of his philosophy of life.In his understanding of the Heavenly Way,Qian Mu believed that the nature of heaven was the supreme ruler of the universe,and connected heaven with all things in the universe through nature,clarifying the internal relationship between the universe and all things;And then the heart is attributed to the core of life,and the human heart also originates from the heavenly heart;The evolution of the heavenly heart ultimately leads to the human heart,from heaven to man,from man to heaven,and the unity of heaven and man.My heart is the heavenly heart.In his understanding and comprehension of the Heavenly Way,Qian Mu proposed the concepts of "physical life" and "mental life" based on "goodness in nature",which are important components serving his entire system of human nature theory.Qian Mu took the "nature" of Taoism as the starting point and the "human nature" as the purpose,proposing the state of natural life in his own perspective.Qian Mu talks about human nature and never deviates from reality.His theory of human nature must ultimately be implemented in real people and the humanistic world.In his understanding of humanity,Qian Mu believes that the origin and development of human history and culture are determined by the metaphysical heavenly principle.In the realm of human life,people need to find a place to settle down in themselves.Qian Mu takes heavenly principle as the foundation and points out that "human emotions" originate from heavenly heart,and human emotions are the embodiment of human emotions.Human emotions are in people’s hearts,and "heavenly principle" is "human emotions".Qian Mu combines the universe with life through natural principles and human relationships.For real-life issues,Qian Mu proposed the concept of’mental life’.Qian Mu,through the maintenance of "good nature" and the exertion of the function of "heart and life",based on the analysis of Chinese cultural characteristics,clarified that individuals need to adhere to the foundation of "good nature",and through acquired cultural learning,reach the realm of wholeheartedly understanding nature and then move towards the path of human cultural life.Qian Mu believes that the Chinese people value the word ’nature’ the most.Nature comes from innate talent,the mind comes from nature,the Dao comes from the heart,and nature and Tao are integrated.The ultimate goal of Qian Mu’s theory of human nature is the four characters’ unity of nature and morality ’.Qian Mu interprets the connotation of "nature" from his own perspective,comprehends the true essence of "Dao",and achieves the unity of "nature and Dao" through the unity of body,mind,and nature,in order to achieve the historical and cultural realm of unity of his survival and cultural goals,that is,the highest realm of the core content of Qian Mu’s theory of human nature,"the unity of nature and Dao".By analyzing and sorting out the framework of Qian Mu’s human nature theory system,the complete graph of his human nature theory system has been basically reproduced.In Qian Mu’s system of human nature theory,the ultimate goal of his theory of human nature is to construct the ideal personality of a highly intelligent and moderate person with good nature,who embodies the unity of nature and morality.Qian Mu believes that every individual is a member of the human community,known as the "individual",and each "little self" should ultimately lead to the human community,known as the "the great self".This requires extremely deep cultivation and cultivation efforts.Qian Mu takes the "individual" as the starting point,integrating "virtue" into the cultivation of individual human nature.By integrating human goodness into the development of individual human nature,he cultivates individual benevolence and virtue,promotes individual consciousness from the perspective of human heart and humanity,and thus lifts the obstacles and barriers of the "conscience".Individuals possess benevolence and virtue,and their family relationships become harmonious.As a result,society becomes harmonious,and the world becomes peaceful.The "individual" shifts towards the "the great self".In addition to introspection and intuition,the cultivation of individuals also plays a crucial role in promoting the leap from "humanity" to "benevolence" in traditional Chinese educational ideas.Qian Mu grasped the status and social function of traditional Chinese educational thought,and affirmed the importance of education in cultivating ideal personality.He advocated that through subtle education and influence,individuals should have a perfect personality,achieve the transformation from a small self to a larger self,and then achieve the transformation from a natural life to a cultural life.Qian Mu believes that "Dao" is the ultimate goal pursued by Chinese philosophy and the ultimate destination of his theory of human nature.The unity of nature and morality is both metaphysical and concrete.Through the combination of "sincerity" and "virtue",Qian Mu embodies the moral character of "the unity of nature and Dao" into people,not only keeping it from reality,but also allowing the subjective initiative of life to be fully exerted.This provides methodological guidance for the cultivation of good character and the shaping of moral character for people.The construction of Qian Mu’s theory of human nature system is sound,and the cultivation of ideal personality has profound theoretical basis.However,Qian Mu’s theory of human nature starts from culture,originates from his own understanding and life practice,and has certain limitations and difficulties when applied to daily life.On the one hand,the starting point of Qian Mu’s theory of human nature is to take the goodness of human nature as the premise of its theoretical construction,and all goodness of human nature can be fully exerted.Based on this theoretical foundation,through acquired cultivation,learning,and cultivation,one can achieve the ideal personality image of unity of body,mental,and nature.He overly idealized the goodness of human nature,and due to individual differences,there are limitations and difficulties in achieving it.On the other hand,his judgment of the good and evil of human nature and the logical reasoning of his human nature theory system have many biases in understanding and understanding,lacking rigor and rationality.Qian Mu’s theory of human nature was formed through the inheritance and improvement of traditional human nature theory,the fusion of Chinese and Western cultures,and creative transformation,with distinct characteristics of the times and Qian Mu’s personal characteristics.He focused on interpreting history and culture,summarizing the traditional Confucian theory of human nature,enriching and expanding the ideological connotation of the traditional Confucian theory of human nature;A deep interpretation of Western culture,embracing both strengths and avoiding weaknesses,has promoted the integration and transformation of Chinese and Western theories of human nature.Qian Mu devoted his life to exploring the intrinsic value of traditional Chinese culture and promoting its spirit.His understanding and insights into human nature are undoubtedly profound and have a profound impact.Chinese traditional culture pays great attention to "human nature".On the basis of inheriting the traditional theory of human nature,Qian Mu has further demonstrated the value and significance of human kindness,which has a positive impact on the development of modern Chinese culture.Qian Mu’s theory of human nature provides useful thinking for people in modern society in regulating the relationship between mind and matter,pursuing benevolence and inner transcendence,shaping group consciousness and national character.