Lu Xun’s Works In Centennial Middle School Textbooks Study On Anthology And Image Construction

Lu Xun’s works and translated work have been included in Middle school Chinese textbooks for more than one hundred years.The study of Lu Xun’s works in middle school textbooks is not only a problem in the field of education and teaching,but also an organic part of the "Lu Xun Study" in the discipline of modern and contemporary Chinese literature,which also includes the problems of Lu Xun’s acceptance and image construction.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the selection and compilation of Lu Xun’s works in middle school Chinese textbooks for more than one hundred years.The research of this paper is based on the formulation of social education policy in the past hundred years,the compilation of middle school Chinese textbooks and the debate on important educational events.Based on the analysis of the connotation and basic attributes of middle school Chinese textbooks in the past century,this paper systematically combs and comprehensively examines the selection and compilation of Lu Xun’s works in middle school Chinese textbooks in the past century,and tries to combine the research on the historical characteristics of the development of middle school Chinese textbooks in the past century with the analysis of the selection and compilation of Lu Xun’s works in typical textbooks in various historical periods.This paper explores the social environment,educational thoughts,editorial policies and audience psychology in different historical periods in the past hundred years,and further analyzes the different strategies for the construction of "Lu Xun’s image" in different historical periods.The full text is divided into seven chapters.The introduction briefly introduces the research purpose and significance of this paper,research status at home and abroad,research methods and innovation points.The first chapter analyzes the connotation,origin and nature of "Chinese" textbooks,and on this basis briefly summarizes the evolution of Lu Xun’s works in "Chinese" textbooks in the past hundred years.This paper divides the selection and compilation of "Chinese" textbooks during the Republic of China into three stages:1920s,1930 s,and the end of 1930s--before the founding of New China.As the nation intensified in the late 1930 s,the selection of Lu Xun’s works was to reinforce the revolutionary and combative needs.In this period,Lu Xun’s selection of textbooks in liberated areas opened a new dimension,which opened the prelude of new China’s textbook arrangement.After the founding of the People’s Republic of China,the content of Chinese textbooks can be divided into seventeen years,ten years of extreme Left,New socialist period and since the New century.The second chapter specifically discusses the selection of Lu Xun’s works and the construction of "Lu Xun’s image" in the 1920’s textbooks.Since the end of the Qing Dynasty,the Chinese government has been trying to implement the new school system to meet the needs of social development,and modern textbooks have also developed along with the new school system.However,due to the many feudal restoration events in this period,textbooks have experienced a tortuous development process,but the historical trend of forward development will not change.Especially after the May Fourth Literary Revolution,the compilation of "Chinese" textbooks also became the carrier of promoting the performance of vernacular Chinese and advocating vernacular literary works.Lu Xun’s works were also selected into middle school Chinese textbooks during this period,but did not occupy a significant position.Lu Xun and his works have also become the "subsidiary" in Chinese and Mandarin textbooks to eliminate the remnants of feudalism and publicize the achievements of literary revolution.The third chapter is a systematic analysis of Lu Xun’s works and "image construction" in the 1930 s textbooks.Compared with the 1920 s,the 1930 s saw new changes in the Chinese teaching environment and began to carry out new teaching practices.With the development of the new school system and the continuous improvement of the syllabus,the selection and arrangement of Chinese textbooks are gradually standardized and systematic.In addition,in the 1930 s,China’s social situation also entered a new period,forming a confrontation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party.In order to consolidate its rule and form a comprehensive encirclement and suppression of the Communist Party,the National government of Nanjing formulated strict measures in the examination of books and periodicals,and carried out severe "cultural sanctions" on left-wing writers represented by Lu Xun.As a "enlightening person",Lu Xun’s works were selected into the middle school Chinese textbooks and played an enlightening role under the restriction of the nationalist government’s strict publishing censorship system.It also had an important influence on the acceptance of new literature by middle school students in this period.The fourth chapter investigates the selection and compilation of Lu Xun’s works in the middle school Chinese textbooks in the 1940 s.In the 1940 s,Lu Xun was already in a state of "absence".As a "person outside the Party",Lu Xun became the object of commemoration and exaltion in the Kuomintang-controlled area and the liberated area.As the Kuomintang government gradually lost in the game process,Lu Xun appeared as an "absentee" in the textbook approved by the Kuomintang-controlled area in the early 1940 s.With the change of political situation,the writers represented by Kaiming Bookstore re-constructed the "image of Lu Xun" in the course of textbook selection and compilation,so that "Lu Xun" completed the transformation from "absentee" to "intermediate" to "left-leaning".In addition,the selection and compilation of teaching materials in the liberated areas opened the prelude of the "seventeen years".The fifth chapter analyzes the selection and compilation of Lu Xun’s works in middle school Chinese textbooks from 1949 to 1976,and discusses the transformation process of Lu Xun’s image from "banner" to "revolutionary soldier"."The red soldier outside the Party" became the most important "image label" of Lu Xun during this period.While continuing this selection and interpretation,the teaching materials after the founding of New China continued to "deify" Lu Xun and make him a representative of the "national flag".This image mainly presents three specific images,such as "the model of intellectual ideological transformation","the prophet of the victory of the new democratic revolution" and "the image model of New China",each image has its own logical form.During the war period,the limit of consciousness and the way of constructing Lu Xun’s image in the middle school Chinese textbooks are also a question worth thinking about.During the "Cultural Revolution" period,Chinese education suffered great damage and was almost at a standstill.Under the influence of the policy of "political leadership",the scope of the selection of Chinese textbooks was extremely narrow,and Lu Xun was one of the few writers who could have his works selected into the middle school textbooks during this period.The selection of articles also focuses on the "fighting" relatively strong essays,the purpose of selection is to achieve the need of "cultural integration".Compared with before and after the founding of New China,the teaching interpretation of Lu Xun’s works in this period was extremely politicized and vulgarized,and the interpretation of Lu Xun’s works was distorted and deformed,making "Lu Xun" completely become a political vassal and a "revolutionary soldier" needed for "revolutionary struggle" in this period.In this process,Red Flag magazine,as the authoritative "representative" of the party,plays an important role as a bridge between the acceptance of Lu Xun’s works in the textbooks and the political groups,and its essential purpose is to train the intellectuals’ thoughts.Chapter six analyzes the selection and compilation of Lu Xun’s works in middle school Chinese textbooks since the new era.After the crushing of the Gang of Four,the various undertakings of the Party and the state entered the track of rapid development again.In the field of education,a number of measures have been introduced to promote the rapid progress of secondary school teaching,including Chinese subjects.After the new period,the selection and image construction of Lu Xun’s works in middle school Chinese textbooks show the characteristics of "mutability".Before 1985,textbook compilation groups still "constructed" Lu Xun in textbooks under the influence of the political thinking after the "Cultural Revolution".No matter the textbooks in the transition period or the first set of unified compilation textbooks,the compilation and interpretation of Lu Xun’s works in textbooks still had a strong political color.After 1985,with the implementation of the Outline of China’s Educational Reform and Development,textbook writing entered an era of "a hundred schools of thought contend".Meanwhile,"a hundred flowers bloom" in the research field of "Lu Xue",thus presenting a brand new situation of "Lu Xun image" in textbooks.Chapter seven discusses the selection and compilation of Lu Xun’s works in middle school Chinese textbooks since the new century.The compulsory education textbooks approved by the Ministry of Education and the high school Chinese textbooks compiled by the Ministry of Human Resources and Education all contain Lu Xun’s works.Under the background of "cultural power" and "carrying forward traditional culture",Lu Xun’s works have become the carrier of traditional Chinese excellent traditional culture and are constructed as the image of "cultural confidence".The emphasis on the literary nature of Lu Xun’s works is regarded as the representative of ideology in a specific historical period and the "disenchantment" of Lu Xun’s works has become an important feature in the selection process of century-old Chinese textbooks.