Study On Marx’s Value Consensus Theory

Value consensus is a positive response to the reality of the world today.The international landscape today is undergoing profound changes and the world situation is in constant change.On the one hand,peace and development are the theme of The Times,and the general trend of win-win cooperation and common development remains unchanged.However,on the other hand,human society is also faced with numerous difficulties and challenges.The century of change is accelerating,COVID-19 and climate change are posing serious challenges to people,unilateralism and protectionism are on the rise,economic globalization is facing a backlash,and the implementation of the Sustainable Development Agenda is hindered.Mankind is now at a crossroads on where to go.To meet the common challenges of mankind,we need both the strength of economy,science and technology,and the strength of culture and civilization.Therefore,pooling the value consensus of mankind is the fundamental way to solve the common problems and challenges facing mankind today.In view of this,this paper focuses on the direction of value consensus and takes "Marx’s value consensus theory" as the research theme,which is a positive response to the objective needs of today’s world development.Value consensus is Marx’s unremitting pursuit of value throughout his life.Although Marx did not explicitly put forward the concept of "value consensus",the idea of value consensus is all contained in his voluminous works.Marx’s theory of value consensus takes the pursuit of human’s free development as a clue,closely links human’s development with social development,and intuitively shows the spontaneous value consensus in the stage of natural community,the illusory value consensus in the stage of civil society community,and the real value consensus in the stage of free human association.On the basis of criticizing the falsity of value consensus in modern society,looking forward to the shape of ideal social value consensus in the future,it scientifically reveals the internal development law of value consensus,and realizes the fundamental change in the history of value consensus thought.This paper consists of introduction and text.The introduction part mainly discusses the reason and significance of the topic of Marx’s value consensus theory,the research summary at home and abroad,the ideas and methods of this study,the key difficulties and innovative points.The five chapters of the main body focus on the basic issues of value and value consensus as well as the theoretical tracing,theoretical framework and historical form of Marx’s value consensus theory.Finally,based on the current situation of the contemporary world,it reflects the contemporary enlightenment of Marx’s value consensus theory,combining theory with practice,history and reality to show the practical significance of Marx’s value consensus theory.It demonstrates the strong vitality of Marxism.The first chapter mainly explains the basic problems of value and value consensus.As for the connotation of value,this paper begins with the concept of "value" in Marx’s political economy,and defines "value" as the positive meaning of the attributes of objective things to people on the basis of practice,thus revealing the essence and characteristics of value.On this basis,it explains the meaning and basic characteristics of value consensus,clarifies the related concepts of value consensus,and gets rid of the misunderstanding of value consensus concept.Value consensus is the consensus view reached by people on value issues,which is different from universal value,value identification,common value and core value.Centering on the core concept of "value consensus",this paper starts from the logic of "why is value consensus possible","how is value consensus possible" and "why is value consensus necessary",and answers the basic questions in the field of value consensus.The second chapter mainly traces the theoretical origin of Marx’s value consensus theory.Paying attention to the thought of value consensus before Marxism and finding the theoretical foundation of the theory of value consensus will help to enhance the theoretical height of value consensus.From the point of view of the history of thought,the ancient Greek city-states regarded "good" as the value consensus,and carried out unremitting pursuit for this.Socrates’ theory of virtue,Plato’s theory of justice and Aristotle’s theory of perfection all reveal the value consensus of "goodness".In the modern Enlightenment period,the establishment of social contract was regarded as the form of realizing value consensus,and the consensus thought of social contract,such as Hobbes’ contract state theory,Locke’s government theory and Rousseau’s social general will theory,was its important embodiment.In the period of German classical philosophy,the degree of social civilization was further improved,and people gradually realized the importance of freedom and liberation.In this period,ideological theorists promoted the value consensus to a higher level from the perspective of human freedom and personality development.Kant’s contract association thought,Hegel’s mutual recognition theory and Feuerbach’s "class essence" thought all fully embody the intrinsic meaning of value consensus.The third chapter mainly expounds the theoretical framework of Marx’s value consensus theory.First of all,based on Marx’s text works to the original source.Through the interpretation of Marx’s texts,it is not difficult to find that Marx confirms the existence of value consensus based on the free nature of human beings,even when criticizing the illusory nature of value consensus in capitalist society,he does not deny the value consensus itself.Secondly,it interprets Marx’s essential stipulation of value consensus from Marx’s classic texts.Marx believes that all values,including value consensus,are rooted in people’s economic relations.Different economic relations lead to different values.As the organization form of people’s social communication,community is the basic field in which value consensus exists.Common interests are the bond that holds together community and shared values.Thirdly,it introduces the development of Marx’s theory of value consensus,and presents the dynamic development process of Marx’s theory of value consensus through the logical clues of "the paradox of liberalism → the transcendence of liberalism → the establishment of the theory of value consensus",and shows the scientific and complete theoretical system of Marx’s theory of value consensus.Finally,it expounds the logical path of Marx’s value consensus theory,and points out that the realistic human beings and their material life practice are the logical starting point of Marx’s value consensus theory,the emergence,development and extinction of division of labor are the logical expansion of Marx’s value consensus theory,and the free and comprehensive development of each person is the logical purview of Marx’s value consensus theory.This chapter shows the complete system of Marx’s value consensus theory and introduces the basic content of Marx’s value consensus theory from a macro perspective.The fourth chapter elaborates the historical form of value consensus theory,and shows the whole development process of value consensus from the historical change of human social form.In the period of natural community,the level of productivity is low,and people must form a community to "depend on each other for life".Individual interests are completely dependent on common interests,and value consensus is formed without conscious awareness,which is a spontaneous value consensus,and the value consensus in the community stage of Asia,classical antiquity and Germania is a typical manifestation.Through the analysis of these three forms of community,it shows the basic characteristics of spontaneous value consensus.With the development of social productive forces and the emergence of private ownership and division of labor,mankind has entered the community stage of civil society,in which the bourgeoisie,in order to maintain the dominance of its own class,has to disguise the special interests of its own class as the common interests of all members of society and elevate the individual will of its own class to the common will of all members of society.Thus an illusory value consensus is formed.The second part of this chapter focuses on the formation of the community of civil society,the generation of the illusory value consensus,and the concrete performance of the illusory value consensus,so as to criticize and surpass the illusory value consensus.On the basis of deep analysis and criticism of the illusory value consensus in modern society,Marx scientifically predicted the existence of the real value consensus in communist society.The great wealth of material wealth of the future Communism ensures the high unity of people’s individual interests and common interests,the free and comprehensive development of each person,and the realization of the real value consensus.Today,our country is in the primary stage of socialism,the basic economic system with public ownership as the mainstay and multiple forms of ownership developing together determines that on the basis of the fundamental interests of the people,there is still a certain range of illusory common interests.In this sense,the current stage of our country’s value consensus is the primary form of real value consensus.The third part of this chapter shows the pattern of the real value consensus from the aspects of social form,generation conditions,basic characteristics and core meaning,demonstrating Marx’s fundamental value pursuit of the future ideal society.The fifth chapter considers the contemporary enlightenment of Marx’s value consensus theory based on the current situation of the world,and points out the possibility of human value consensus in the 21 st century.In the 21 st century,the world is undergoing profound changes unseen in a century,with increasing anti-globalization,rising hegemonism,increasingly fierce clashes of civilizations,and the spread of "universal values".These not only pose severe challenges to the survival and development of mankind,but also put the cohesion of human values into difficulties.To this end,based on the common interests of mankind,China has put forward proposals such as building a community with a shared future for mankind,promoting common values of mankind,and strengthening exchanges and mutual learning among world civilizations to build consensus on human values.The Chinese government has given full play to its role on the international stage and promoted major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics in economic,political,cultural,security and other fields,making positive contributions to building consensus on human values.Building consensus on the values of mankind is an objective need of today’s world.It is not only conducive to building a harmonious world,but also conducive to guiding the continuous improvement of global governance.