| The Chinese culture is broad and profound with a long history.It is deeply rooted in the living habits,ways of thinking,values and feelings of all Chinese people on both sides of the Taiwan Straits.It has strong cohesion and centripetal force and is a spiritual bond to maintain national unity,national stability and social harmony.The promotion of traditional Chinese culture and the enhancement of Chinese cultural identity are playing an increasingly important role and influence in promoting the peaceful development of cross-strait relations and the peaceful reunification of the motherland.Taiwan is located on the eastern edge of the Eurasian continental plate,with subtropical monsoon climate,sufficient sunshine and pleasant climate.There are many types of geology,geomorphology and hydrology,providing superior geographical conditions for human habitat and reproduction,as well as the spread,migration and evolution of culture.At the same time,Taiwan is a typical immigrant society.It was not until the Ming and Qing Dynasties that the large-scale reclamation of Fujian and Guangdong immigrants was realized,which also brought the production mode,customs,folk beliefs,etc.of the mainland.Later,it experienced Dutch colonization,Western(Spanish)colonization,Ming and Zheng Dynasties,Qing Dynasty,Japanese colonization,recovery and other historical periods,forming a unique cultural landscape of Taiwan.In recent years,with the rapid development of branches of human geography,such as historical geography,cultural geography,landscape geography,demographic geography,behavioral geography,quantitative geography,local chronicles,and the construction and update of various GIS software and geographic databases,we have provided theoretical guidance and tool support for studying the landscape distribution,evolution,impact and underlying mechanism in specific cultural areas.At the same time,with the development of cross-strait relations,research on Taiwan’s history,geography,population,immigration,surnames,place names and temples has gradually become a hot spot.Universities and research departments in the mainland have set up Taiwan Research Institute,Taiwan Research Institute and other institutions to carry out research with Taiwan scholars,with fruitful results.However,due to the lack of historical data and the use of geographic information systems,there are still many shortcomings in the study of historical geography of Taiwan’s cultural landscape.Adhering to the concept of “one family on both sides of the Taiwan Straits” and under the guidance of the spirit of working with Taiwan compatriots to achieve the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,this paper,in order to enrich Taiwan’s cultural geography research,reveal and refute the “cultural Taiwan independence”,and continue to deepen cultural exchanges across the Taiwan Straits,applies the relevant theories of cultural geography and space technology to the migration,convergence,distribution Evolution.Based on the relevant theories of human geography,this paper introduces and analyzes the geographical environment conditions that form the cultural characteristics of a specific region in Taiwan,especially proves the natural geographical connection between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits through the geological structure and discovered archaeological relics.Then,starting with the population migration and regime rule,this paper outlines the evolution track of the germination,development,expansion,frustration and revival of Taiwan’s Chinese cultural experience in the past 400 years,Starting from the route of mainland immigrants entering Taiwan and the distribution of their ancestral places,this paper focuses on revealing the historical evolution,type characteristics,mechanism of convergence and dispersion and migration of Taiwan’s Chinese cultural landscape itself,as well as the relationship with the mainland,and finally puts forward the mode and way of deepening cultural exchanges between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits with Chinese culture as the medium,providing the basis and reference for deepening folk cultural exchanges between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits.There are six points to be highlighted in this paper:(1)The theme of this paper is the distribution of the Chinese cultural landscape in Taiwan,mainly referring to the Han culture,excluding the so-called Hexi culture,Japanese colonial culture,aboriginal culture and other cultural types.Therefore,this paper does not describe and analyze the colonial culture in Taiwan and the so-called Pingpu and Gaoshan aboriginal cultures,But it does not mean that these cultures have little influence on Taiwan today,especially the Japanese colonial culture.(2)This paper analyzes the time evolution,spatial distribution and evolution mechanism of cultural landscape from the perspective of historical and cultural geography,so it does not involve too much economic factors,another important factor that affects the spatial distribution of cultural landscape.(3)In this article,"region" refers to Taiwan region of China,including Taiwan’s main island,Lanyu Island,Green Island,Diaoyu Island affiliated islands and Penghu Islands,as well as Jinmen,Mazu and other islands in Fujian Province.Its administrative divisions include six "municipalities" directly under the Taiwan authorities,namely Taipei,New Taipei,Taoyuan,Taichung,Tainan,and Kaohsiung,three cities including Keelung,Hsinchu,and Chiayi,as well as 13 counties including Hsinchu,Miaoli,Changhua,Nantou,Yunlin,Chiayi,Pingtung,Taitung,Hualien,Yilan,Penghu,Kinmen,and Lianjiang(Matsu).(4)As far as the time span is concerned,this paper mainly considers that the emergence,development,evolution and formation of cultural landscape is a continuous organic process from the Ming and Qing Dynasties to Taiwan today,which needs to be studied from the historical macro level to form a more scientific awareness and correct judgment.Although the growth of the Chinese cultural landscape in Taiwan was mainly concentrated in the Ming and Qing Dynasties,it also changed with the changes of the times.Focusing on the actual needs of the current communication work with Taiwan,we should focus on the research of the current Chinese cultural landscape in Taiwan.(5)One of the original intentions of this paper is to study the connection mechanism between Taiwan’s Chinese cultural landscape and the mainland.Therefore,whether in terms of family names,place names or temples,the research is centered on the settlement formed by the mainland’s immigrant population,followed by the study of cadastral,ancestral,rural,sacred and other aspects,excluding the settlement formed by Japanese immigrants and Southeast Asian immigrants.Therefore,in terms of place names,the research mainly focuses on the place names of Han settlements,not including the names of streets,city scenes and public buildings.Similarly,in the temple research part,it mainly studies the distribution of Buddhism(referring to Chinese Buddhism,excluding Tibetan Buddhism)and Taoism temples closely related to the Han,but not other religious venues such as Christianity and Islam.(6)In terms of terms,because of the political terms related to Taiwan,the authors used "Japanese colonization"(mainly intended to not forget the national humiliation)when referring to the Japanese occupation and rule,and where it is easy to cause the meaning of "two Chinas","one country on one side" and "Taiwan" as an "independent country",the authors have carried out transformation and processing on the basis of not affecting the original meaning,but some places are in need of academic research in order to reproduce the historical truth,Quotes "" are added to the original text to show specificity and distinction.This paper is divided into 8 chapters:Chapter 1 mainly expounds the background of the topic,and puts forward the research objectives,contents,methods,technical routes and key problems to be solved.Chapter 2 combs in detail the research progress of human geography,historical geography,cultural geography,toponymy and other related disciplines at home and abroad in recent ten years,and explores the frontier of discipline theory development.At the same time,it also sorts out the progress and achievements in the research field of Taiwan’s Chinese cultural landscape at home and abroad,and reviews the relevant research overview.Chapter 3 analyzes the main factors that affect the regional distribution of Taiwan’s Chinese cultural landscape.The first is an overview of the geographical environment,which analyzes the influence of cross-strait geographical relations on the distribution of Taiwan’s Chinese cultural landscape from the perspective of the characteristics of Taiwan’s geographical environment,the study of ancient geography,archaeological sites and anthropological discoveries.Secondly,it analyzes the impact of population migration on the distribution of Taiwan’s Chinese cultural landscape,which is described from four aspects: the investigation of Taiwan’s social migration,the distribution of Fujian and Guangdong population migrating to Taiwan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the distribution of Taiwan’s population during the Japanese occupation period,and the distribution of immigrants after recovery.Finally,from the perspective of the influence of the ruling regime on the distribution of Chinese culture in Taiwan,this paper analyzes the four aspects of the spread of Chinese culture in Taiwan during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the frustration and resistance of Chinese culture in Taiwan during the Japanese occupation period,the revival of Chinese culture after Taiwan’s recovery,and the "de sinicization" of culture after the Democratic Progressive Party came into power.Chapter 4 focuses on the distribution of surnames in Taiwan’s Chinese cultural landscape.First,it introduces the origin and causes of Taiwan’s surnames,as well as the distribution of Taiwan’s ancestral home.Then,based on the relevant demographic data and surname analysis reports issued by the Taiwan authorities in 1956 and 2018,it studies in detail the regional distribution of Taiwan’s population’s surnames in various counties and cities.Finally,it makes a correlation study between Taiwan’s population’s surnames and Fujian’s population’s surnames,pointing out the close origin relationship between Fujian and Taiwan’s population’s surnames.The geographical distribution of the top ten surnames in Taiwan is visualized by GIS mapping.Chapter 5 focuses on the distribution of Taiwan’s place names.Starting from the origin of "Taiwan" place names,this paper introduces the evolution of Taiwan’s place names from the early Song and Yuan Dynasties to Zheng’s garrison,from large-scale reclamation in the Qing Dynasty to the "daily place names" in the Japanese colonial period,and then to the change of place names after recovery.It focuses on the analysis of several pairs of characteristics of Taiwan’s place names that reflect the relationship between people and land,such as geographical,ethnic,blood,dialect,etc.Finally,the paper studies the place names and distribution of homonymous settlements in Fujian,Guangdong and Taiwan by association,and makes use of GIS technology to map and visualize.Chapter 6 studies the distribution of temples in Taiwan.This paper briefly introduces the origin and changes of Taiwan’s folk beliefs,and then studies the distribution of temples in the Japanese colonial period,the early recovery period,and 2021.Finally,the paper makes a correlation study of the temples in Fujian,Guangdong and Taiwan,finds out the distribution characteristics of the temples with the same name in the three places and draws a map.Chapter 7,from the perspective of using the research results of the regional distribution of Taiwan’s Chinese cultural landscape,puts forward suggestions on how to do a good job in cross-strait folk cultural exchanges.Put forward suggestions from three aspects: strengthening the patriarchal culture across the Straits,the villages with the same name,and folk belief exchanges.Chapter 8 summarizes the main conclusions,characteristics and innovations,points out the shortcomings of the research,and looks forward to the problem areas for further research.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1)The unique geographical environment provides a prerequisite for Taiwan’s Chinese culture to take root and breed its characteristics.(2)Taiwan culture originates from Chinese civilization,and Taiwan’s Chinese cultural landscape reflects the localization of Chinese culture,especially the culture of Fujian and Guangdong in Taiwan.(3)The distribution of Taiwan’s surnames,place names,and temples is closely related to the migration routes of Fujian and Guangdong to Taiwan and the population distribution of ethnic groups,and comes down in one continuous line with the culture of the mainland’s ancestral home.(4)Taiwan culture has not only the universal characteristics of Chinese culture,but also its own special regional culture and historical twists and turns.(5)We should further improve the quality of cultural exchanges between the two sides of the Taiwan Straits,give better play to the role of Chinese culture in promoting the national identity of Taiwan compatriots,and promote the spiritual affinity of compatriots across the Taiwan Straits through exchanges of clansmen,surnames,villages and towns with the same name,and folk beliefs. |
PDF Full Text Request