Study Of Bohai City Sites And Related Remains In Primorsky Krai Of Russia

The study of Bohai culture is an international academic topic of general interest to the academic community in Northeast Asia.Since the 1950 s,city sites,temple sites,village sites and tombs of different nature have been discovered in Primorsky Krai,Russia.Through international cooperation,the remains of city sites in Primorsky Krai have become an important academic resource for the international academic community to understand the history and culture of Bohai.Archaeological findings of the city site show that its diachronic changes are synchronized with the social development process of Bohai.However,the international academic circles rarely carry out the chronological investigation of the Bohai remains in this region,which restricts the progress of the study of Bohai culture to a certain extent.In view of this,taking the archaeological discovery of the city site as the academic breakthrough point,the thesis research of this paper is carried out.Based on the full possession and comprehensive summary of archaeological materials,this paper defines the chronological identification criteria of Bohai city sites in Primorye with the help of archaeological typology research.The archaeological observation of the early,middle and late Bohai ruins in Primorye is carried out respectively,focusing on the shapes,structures and types,and the stage characteristics are summarized;at the same time,combined with the historical documents,the preliminary interpretation of the development process of Bohai society in Primorye is attempted through analyzing the appearance of the ruins under the macroscopic perspective of administrative establishment.Subsequently,the following academic understanding is formed:At the beginning of the Bohai regime,its sphere of influence extended to the Suifen River basin of Primorye,and as a result,the earliest mountain towns of Primorye appeared.With the establishment of the centralized rule mechanism during the reign of Daqinmao,local administrative structures took shape as plain cites,and by the end of the 8th century,the Bohai regime had expanded to the Lefu River basin north of the Suifen River.With the completion of the "Five-Kingdom System",the Bohai regime continued to extend and took control of the Mohe tribes in the Ussuri River basin to the north.By the end of the Bohai regime,the plain cities in Primorye were fortified with structures such as “horse faces” and “urn cities.”Based on the dynamic changes of the Bohai city site in Primorye,the social development process of the area can be described as follows: the site underwent technological innovation from semi-cavernous to above-ground structure;the people mainly did fishing and hunting,supplemented by farming at first,but evolved to a comprehensive production mode of mainly farming,supplemented by professional workshops and livestock rearing;the economy gradually turned into an open trade network from a closed natural economy.Under the intervention of the administrative establishment,Buddhist culture evolved from influencing secular culture to being influenced by the secular culture.To sum up,the change and improvement of the administrative establishment of the Bohai regime was the fundamental reason for the social development in Primorye;the centralized rule and administrative intervention were the internal motivation for the economy and culture of Primorye to achieve a new stage of development.