A Research On The Inheritance And Loss Of Lu Xun’s Spiritual

The focus on Spiritual Resource could be seen as the logical mainline of Lu Xun studies.Different understanding of Lu Xun’s spiritual resources might be a symbol identified the research depth of Lu Xun,while the judgement difference of Lu Xun’s Spiritual Resources determines the value visionary of Lu Xun studies.In the new era,to find the key point of Lu Xun’s Spiritual Resources problems,we needs to analyze the inheritance and loss of Lu Xun’s spiritual resources through the comparison with the works of his successors.Contrary to the positively optimism of most writers from the May Fourth period,Struggling with his self-denial tearing soul,Lu Xun pursued modernity while launching a continuous critique of it.However,Lu Xun did not fall into complete nothingness——He resisted despair with a strong will to live,and continue to explore the path of life.We can give a general conclusion on Lu Xun’s spiritual resources in descriptive words below: Under the candle of Enlightenment,he abhors the ignorance and numbness caused by Ideological confinement in that era;Driven by his own life sensibility,Lu Xun keeps a highly cautious to the limitations of intellectual enlightenment and the tyranny that might be triggered.Those two topics presents the statues of mutual negation——In the process of giving life its own legitimate form and rational order,the encountering force of life’s sensibility always exist,while in the process of promoting freedom,the sensibility of life inevitably faces the normative constraints of enlightenment rationalism.Therefore,a free and valuable life has been created during the process of self-reinvention through this tension structure.Here lies the uniqueness and irreducibility of Lu Xun.The focus of Lu Xun’s spiritual resources cannot be separated from this tension structure,While we cannot ignore Lu Xun’s own unique compassionate feelings——Just because this peculiar sentiment that makes Lu Xun not fall into any of them,he continuously “create” himself in continuous selfdenial and self-criticism.Sun Pin and Shuang Xue Tao’s work pay more attention to the former item.With their personal and unique observation and vivid interpretation,they trying to present the unbearable weight of life brought by the heavy pressure of life,and to reveal the unbearable lightness of life caused by spiritual loss with their sharp perspective and cold narrations.However,without going deeper into the true interpretation of the problem,both the writing of suffering or the presentation of despair are only superficially illustrated.Not like Lu Xun——who dared to face up to the darkness and stand-alone against despair.Faced with emptiness and despair,Sun Pin and Shuang Xue Tao chose to avoid it.They put their energy into finding the special through universal,capturing novel in ordinary,daring to reveal the cruelty and horror beneath the veil of warmth,but wandering over nothingness and despair,felt satisfied with "telling the people’s own stories" and refusing to "mess with the darkness",enthralled with the call for sound humanity,but avoiding the pursuit of aspirations.Compared to Lu Xun,Sun Pin and Shuang Xue Tao seem to be more sensible.Knowing that to“forgive no one”,which just like Lu Xun’s rebellion——could only produce loneliness and despair(Just like Kuang Ren and Wei Lian Shu in his work).But we should be noted——the latter choice is undoubtedly the better choice if one pursuit maximized benefits,while the former is a greater and more glorious commitment which also show responsibility.In other words,the inheritance of Lu Xun’s spiritual resources by Sun Pin and Shuang Xue Tao’s creations has brought them to maturity in a collective way,while the loss of Lu Xun’s spiritual resources has also become a bottleneck that shackles their creations to a higher level.This study examines the inheritance and loss of Lu Xun’s spiritual resources through a comparative study of works by Sun Pin,and Shuang Xue Tao,which includes the comparation of these themes: Enlightenment,Selfness,Confusion,Nostalgia,and Death.While we try to explores how to preservation the cultural heritage created by Lu Xun in the new era.Lu Xun’s thought,which carries the ideal of changing modernity,is inherently contradictory between advocating enlightenment and transcending enlightenment.This contradictory thought became into more complex and multiple fractures in the process of inheritance and promotion by other writers.Through the understanding of other follow-up writers after Lu Xun,this study focuses on the problem of the inheritance and loss of Lu Xun’s spiritual resources by systematically exploring the inner rationale of Lu Xun’s thought and clarifying the cultural choices that he initiated.Guided by the Marxist view of history,this study critically inherits the achievements of Lu Xun studies.The study also trying to promotes the modernization and professionalization of Lu Xun studies on the basis of methodological innovation.Through the systematically analyzes on the concrete manifestations and inner roots of Lu Xun’s ideological contradictions,we try to reveals the subjective and objective reasons for the inheritance and loss of Lu Xun’s spiritual resources and the position in literature history comprehensively.Taking the inheritance and loss of Lu Xun’s spiritual resources as the entry point,the study could close the split between the commonality and the ephemerality of Lu Xun studies,while supplies theoretical foundation of Lu Xun studies,and provides new perspectives,bring new vitality and new dimensions into Lu Xun studies.The study also provides a necessary theoretical support and practical experience,which could help the sound development of Lu Xun studies,while we also provide an empirical reference and ideological guidance for current literature creation.This dissertation contains Six Chapters.In the introductory chapter,through the summarization and evaluation of previous paradigms of Lu Xun studies,this study argued the reasonableness and advantage of different ways to research inheritance and loss of Lu Xun’s spiritual resources.Based on the feasibility analysis,the study presents the problem which to be solved and expected results which could be solved.In Chapter One,by comparing Lu Xun’s different attitudes toward enlightenment with those of Sun Pin and Shuang Xue Tao,this study revealed that while Lu Xun advocates enlightenment,he is always cautious to the possible risks of enlightenment,and he keeps a continuous reflective and critical thinking to the inherent shortcomings of enlightenment itself.Sun Pin and Shuang Xue Tao inherited Lu Xun’s insight,turning their attention to the existence hidden in the details of life,revealing and criticizing the unnoticeable bondage and oppression,and showing sympathy to the deprivation of freedom,the trampling of dignity.However,Sun Pin and Shuang Xue Tao satisfied with the simple reproduction of Lu Xun’s creations,ignoring the critical consciousness of Lu Xun,in which Lu Xun made himself the object of critic,and even more unwilling to bear the Lu Xun-style spiritual pressure and soul tearing.In Chapter Two,By comparing the different expressions of self-writing between Lu Xun,Sun Pin and Shuang Xue Tao,the study reveals that the self in Lu Xun’s work is not only a standard and the driving force of cultural critical,but also a unique way to unfold the soul and a special medium to show sympathy.Sun Pin and Shuang Xue Tao inherited Lu Xun’s logical starting point of taking the self as a literary creation,but they fell into the rut of egocentrism and could not extricate themselves from it,during their excessive obsession with the self,they bound themselves in a narrow and closed space,losing the possibility of dialogue with the other.Lu Xun,on the other hand,constructs an open self in the mutual negation of self-identity and self-doubt.In Chapter Three,By comparing the different ways of writing about “doubt”between Lu Xun,Sun Pin and Shuang Xue Tao,the study reveals that “doubt” is both the starting point of Lu Xun’s ideological enlightenment and cultural criticism,also the inexhaustible driving force that propels forward.Under the candle of Lu Xun’s skeptical spirit,the meaning of life was clarified and the hope for the future was ignited.Although Sun Pin and Shuang Xue Tao’s work inherited Lu Xun’s spirit of skepticism and launched a critique of self-explanation,due to their excessive obsession with “doubt”and one-sided understanding,they mistook the means between methodology and target,reversing the beginning for the end.This kind of status not only severely limits the strength of skepticism,but also plunges into spiritual crisis which both of them cannot transcend.Hence,Sun Pin and Shuang Xue Tao could not really reach the spiritual height of Lu Xun’s rebellion and against despair in doubt,they only trapped in the melancholy of “doubt” themselves.In Chapter Four,by comparing the different writing methodology of Lu Xun’s nostalgia writing with those of Sun Pin and Shuang Xue Tao,the study reveals that Lu Xun’s nostalgia writing presents a special two-way structure,in which expressing deep remembrance and infinite nostalgia of “hometown in memory” on one hand,while unleashing unparalleled criticism on the “real hometown” on the other.The nostalgia writing of Sun Pin and Shuang Xue Tao inherits Lu Xun’s expression of this tension structure,and they launched a contrasting reflection discussion between the so-called“old self” and “new self”,while revealing the ambivalence of leaving and returning to homeland’s dilemma at the same time.However,limited by the individual speech confined to self-trauma,they could not develop their works into a universal experience of existence through the creation of literary images.What’s more,we could not find positive resistance of the instinctive pursuit to free experience in their work,instead,they present a feeling of passive helplessness and compromise.In Chapter Five,by comparing Lu Xun’s different perceptions of death with those of Sun Pin and Shuang Xue Tao,the study reveals that Lu Xun both cuts into the extreme cruelty of the experience of death at the empirical level,while unfolds the infinite torture of the meaning of life at the transcendental level.The empirical presentation of death presented in Lu Xun ’ s work,showing the loss of individual life arouses empathetic sympathy and compassion,and in the transcendental reflection on death,his works presents the value and dignity of life which are guarded and defended.Empirical presentation and transcendental reflection——could be seen as “two wings” of his creation,jointly support Lu Xun’s point on the uniqueness mystery of life.On the contrary,Sun Pin and Shuang Xue Tao are too obsessed with the empirical presentation of death,ignoring the dimension of transcendental reflection initiated by Lu Xun.Therefore,although their writing on death could causes “a strong spiritual shock” to readers,their work are difficult to reach the spiritual realm of Lu Xun’s inclusion of self,which seriously limits the further enhancement of the value of their works.In Epilogue Chapter,the study argued that Sun Pin and Shuang Xue Tao’s inheritance of Lu Xun’s spiritual resources is either obsessed with the deep imitation of reflective content or focused on the classical reproduction of reflective forms,ignoring the organic integration of the two,which could be found in Lu Xun’s work.How to inherit Lu Xun’s spiritual resources comprehensively and thoroughly,try to balance between those has become a common problem and a challenge for them.In all,this conclusion could not only provide a strong proof of Lu Xun’s unique literary value at the factual level,but also a true record of a dilemma in literature history——under the constraints of both “era” and “themselves”,later generation writers’ confusion has been recorded.