Research On Cang Jie Pian Of Han Bamboo Slips And Related Issues Of Cang Jie

Cang Jie Pian is a national text textbook of the Qin Dynasty,is the oldest existing classical works of philology,This book together with "Writing the Same Characters" Movement had changed the direction of the development of Chinese characters and they have a profound impact on the civilization of Chinese characters.Cang Jie Pian was popular in the Qin and Han Dynasty,and lost in the Tang and Song Dynasties.There are only sporadic editions in later generations,and which are not seen today.However,fortunately,since the beginning of the last century,the unearthed bamboo slips of the Han Dynasty have continuously found the remains of Cang Jie Pian,which has attracted wide attention of the academic community.Today,these remains are collectively referred to as Han bamboo slips Cang Jie Pian,which has become a valuable literature in the study of Chinese character history and Qin and Han history.There are many related research results of Cang Jie Pian.But there are still some difficult problems that have not been solved,and some of them have omissions.This paper intends to carry out thematic studies on related issues.According to the topic center,it is divided into the first and the second,with a total of nine chapters.The brief introduction is as follows.Part I:Study on the Naming of Cang Jie Pian and Cang JieChapter One:Study on the Naming of Cang Jie PianCang Jie Pian is a national script template of "Writing the Same Characters" Movement in Qin Dynasty,and an important research object in the study of the history of Chinesecharacters and the history of Qin and Han.For a long time,the title of Cang Jie Pian remains unresolved.Some people use Cang(苍)as the original character,and others use Cang(仓)as the character to make Cang Jie Pian.Which one is right?There has been much discussion in the past.Today it is found that the title of Cang Jie Pian is derived from the first two characters of the first sentence of "Cang Jie Zuo Shu"(苍颉作书).Many batches of materials from the Han bamboo slips Cang Jie Pian prove that the first two characters of the first sentence of the Han version Cang Jie Pian and the Qinli(秦隶)version Cang Jie Pian should be Cang Jie(苍颉)instead of Cang Jie(仓颉).The Qin bamboo slips materials prove that in the Qin characters of late Warring States period,Cang(苍)and Cang(仓)have been completely differentiated and are not mixed with each other.Li Si,author of Cang Jie Pian,named it Cang Jie(苍颉)instead of Cang Jie(仓颉),which was influenced by the concept of reputation and the preference of Qin people’s names at the time.His purpose was to highlight the concept of elegant legitimism of Cang Jie Pian and Qin culture.The word frequency statistics of the titles of Cang Jie Pian also show that Cang(仓)is not the original character of Cang Jie Pian.Those who wrote Cang Jie Pian appeared sporadically before the Middle Ages,but did not rise on a large scale until the Tang and Song Dynasties.On the contrary,Cang(苍)was the long-term mainstream character of the title.The root cause of posterity mistakenly using Cang(仓)as the title of the book is the death of the circulated copies of Cang Jie Pian,which caused people to lose the reference standard of the title.In addition,people write Cang(仓)because of the habit of writing and saving strokes,and misuse the ancient chatacter Cang(仓)due to the relationship of ancient and modern between them.Therefore,the dual evidence of the unearthed materials and handed-down documents prove that the correct original title of Cang Jie Pian is Cang(苍),and it should be restored as the the title of the book.Chapter 2:Study on the History of Cang Jie’s NamingWhen it comes to the naming of Cang Jie,The complete differentiation of Cang(苍)and Cang(仓)is the basis of the naming of Cang Jie.During the Warring States Period,the diction of Cangjie was not unified yet,and the degree of its differentiation Cang(苍)and Cang(仓)is very different in various countries,under the social background of lacking a central government,so there is no the proper condition to unify the different diction of Cang in Cang Jie.Cang Jie Pian,a national orthography template,names Cang Jie in Qin Dynasty according to the norms of Qin characters,which is the first official name of Cang Jie in Chinese history,while ending the chaos of diction on Cang Jie.There are three reasons why Cang Jie Pian was so named.Firstly,this is influenced by the custom of "Jia Ming"(嘉名)in ancient time.Because Cang(苍)contains a beautiful and honorable implication,people lived in Qin used Cang(苍)in their names frequently.Secondly,Lisi took a negative view of Cang Jie,due to his academic experience.Thirdly,this is influenced by the "Ming Gui Jian"(明贵贱)consciousness of Qin.Cang(苍)shows beauty and high status,while "仓" shows vulgar meaning and low status.The difference of Cang(苍)and Cang(仓)is obvious,and Cang(苍)is suitable for the honorable saint status of Cang Jie.About Cang Jie Pian in Han Dynasty.According to Cang Jie Pian in bamboo slips,pottery furnace,portrait stone and other unearthed cultural relics of Han Dynasty,it was clear that Cang(苍)is the choosen one in Cang Jie.There are three reasons:Firstly,as the official authoritative teaching materials,the naming of the book Cang-Jie has been widely recognized.Secondly,people in Han Dynasty has a strong thought of "Jia Ming"(嘉名).Cang(苍)contains a beautiful and honorable implication,so people thought it should be preferred.Thirdly,Han Confucian scholars in Han Dynasty shaped Cang Jie as King Mude(木德圣王),and the name Cang Jie is thus in line with the special format of those ancient kings’ name,which is the symbolic color of Wuxing plus ancient king’s name.This kind of name is more easily accepted by society,so gradually,Cang Jie is more and more popular.About Cang Jie Pian from Wei Dynasty to the early Northern Song Dynasty.The influence of the Qin and Han Dynasty on the nomenclature of Cang Jie continued to influence later generations,and people took Cang Jie(苍颉)as the main writing of Cang Jie until the early Northern Song Dynasty,meanwhile Cang(仓)was regarded as the borrowed character of Cang(苍).However,it should be noted that,as an independent formulation,Cang Jie(仓颉)began to be developed slowly from the Southern and Northern Dynasty at the latest.The period from the middle of Northern Song Dynasty to the late Southern Song Dynasty is the transition stage of Cang Jie(苍颉 and 仓颉).Due to the loss of literature,the historical turbulence,and so on,the status of Cang Jie(苍颉)had been shaken since the the Middle Ages,while the status of "仓颉" was rising gradually.In the end,the status of Cang Jie(苍颉 and 仓颉)reversed finally in Northern Song Dynasty.The identification of the conversion is that there was no Cang Jie(苍颉 but Cang Jie(仓颉 in Northern Song Dynasty official rhymes Guang Yun.In other words,Cang Jie(仓颉 replaced Cang Jie(苍颉).During Southern Song Dynasty,the status of Cang Jie(仓颉)continued to rise,and its supporters began to negate the historical basis on which the writing of Cang Jie(仓颉)being strengthened further.Yuan is a dynasty which has not lasted for a long time.Thus by Ming Dynasty,Cang Jie(仓颉)had replaced Cang Jie(苍颉)and gradually become official name of Cang Jie.The situation in Qing Dynasty had no difference with Ming,while the scholars of Qing pointed out that Cang should be written as Cang(仓)in accordance with related academic theories.From then on,Cang(仓)obtained a clear academic and theoretical basis.In the following Republic of China and Chinese mainland after 1949,Cang Jie(仓颉)has been regarded as the authentic writing of Cang Jie for long time,and Cang(苍)has been regarded as the borrowed one.In general,it was the first time to identify Cang(苍)as the standard version in Cang Jie,and it was developed in Han Dynasty.By Wei and Jin Dynasty,because of many complex reasons mentioned above,the influence of Cang Jie(苍颉)declined,which led to a linguistic fact that Cang Jie(仓颉)gradually becoming Orthodox after the Middle Ages.Because Qin and Han culture are one of the most important sources of Chinese civilization,and the Qin and Han Dynasty are the main and most important period of inheritance,creation and promotion of the legend of the Cang Jie,so evidences coming from this period are authoritative.Accordingly,Cang Jie Pian should be written as Cang Jie Pian.Otherwise,the title of the book will be a contradiction to the name of Cang Jie.In a word,the characters of Cang Jie Pian(苍颉篇)and Cang Jie(苍颉)must be regarded as the correct versions.Part II:Study on the Text and Value of Cang Jie Pian in Han Bamboo Slips Chapter One:Study on the Compilation of Cang Jie PianThere are many records about the completion of Cang Jie Pian,but some specific issues are still vague.Based on the handed-down and unearthed documents,this paper examines the related issues and finds the following:Firstly,through the mutual proof and analysis of Historical Records,Langyatai Carved Stone in Qin Dynasty and Cang Jie Pian in Han bamboo slips,it is believed that the specific time for the completion of Cang Jie Pian should be in the twenty-six years of Emperor Qin Shihuang,which is the same as the starting time of "Writing the Same Characters" Movement.Secondly,when Li Si wrote Cang Jie Pian,his position was court lieutenant,and his rank was secretary,which was not the prime minister as mentioned in the literature of the Han Dynasty.Thirdly,Based on the investigation and statistics of the surname characters in the unearthed materials of Qin and Han Dynasty,and the pronunciation of "Mu" and "Wu" in the surname,this paper holds that the author’s name of Bo Xue should not be Hu Mujing,not Hu Wujing.At the last,when Qin Sancang was compiled,there was a unified consultation and division of character collection,and the division of the scope of collection should be related to the author’s identity and professional characteristics.Chapter Two:Study on Style of Cang Jie Pian in Han Bamboo SlipsThe study of style is an important basis for the study of the Cang Jie Pian.For a long time,the relevant research results in the academic problems such as weak systematicness,insufficient comprehensiveness and low degree of terminology,which need to be solved urgently.Based on the Cang Jie Pian of Han bamboo slips,this paper deeply integrates the existing research results,builds a systematic,comprehensive,in-depth and terminology-based style system and a clear description of the style of Cang Jie Pian from the horizontal and vertical directions.Chapter Three:Interpretation of Gezi Leicong(隔字类从)and Name Chapter in Cang Jie Pian of Han Bamboo SlipsThe word association of Cang Jie Pian in Han bamboo slips has the form of "Gezi Leicong",that is,the two words related to the meaning of a sentence are not adjacent,but there is a word in the middle interval,forming an ABAB type,in which the separated two "A" or two "B" have the relationship of synonyms,antonyms,synonyms or colleagues.The context of Name Chapter in Cang Jie Pian is not obvious,and it is not easy to interpret.Using the style of "Gezi Leicong",13 sentences such as "Jiao Dang Tao Sheng"(焦党陶圣)and"Cheng Qi Liao Ping"(程颀樛平)can be better interpreted.Name codification takes the form of"Leicong" of meaning association,which originated at least in the Spring and Autumn Period.When applied to dictionaries,it can realize rapid memory through association,which is also inherited in Ji Jiu Pian.Chapter Four:Textualual Research on the Geographical Articles in the Administrative Regions of Cang Jie Pian·Zhuan Xu Collected in Peking UniversityThe Cang Jie Pian "Zhuan Xu chapter of the Han bamboo slips of Peking University has four sentences:"Yan Deng Xi Li"(鄢邓析郦),"Wan E Hao Xiang"(宛鄂(?)),"Chen Cai Song Wei"(陈蔡宋卫),"Wu Han Xu Zhuang"(吴邗许庄).Previous research results on the interpretation and interpretation of the four sentences are not accurate,Through in-depth study,the following are found:The words involved in the four sentences belong to the geographical category of the district,not the previous studies that contain the surname.Among them,"Yan Deng Xi Li"(鄢邓析郦),"Wan E Hao Xiang"(宛鄂(?))is the county and township names of Qin Nan County and Nanyang County.The interpretation of the sentence"陈宛鄂邗/让多渠”in Shuiquanzi Han bamboo slips is incorrect.As"陈宛鄂(?)瓤/多渠□",it reflects the water conservancy prosperity of ditches in Nanyang area."Chen Cai Song Wei"(陈蔡宋卫)does not refer to the four ancient regimes in the Spring and Autumn Period,but focuses on the concept of geography.It should refer to the ancient kingdoms of Chen,Cai,Song and Wei during the unification of Qin.The "Wu Han" of "Wu Han Xu Zhuang"(吴邗许庄)refers to the area of the former Wu Kingdom,which is composed of Wu and Han.The "Zhuang" of "Xu Zhuang" reflects the rich natural geographical environment of the former Xu Kingdom,and the geographical location characteristics of the area as a transportation hub in the south of the central plain of Henan."Xu Zhuang" refers to the area of the former Xu Kingdom,and forms a two-two combination with "Wu Han".Second,the four sentences reflect the situation of the three north-south roads in the west,middle and east of the traffic between Chu State(referring to the Jianghuai basin area)and northern China.From west to east,these three roads are the road from the west of Chu State to the middle of Qinguan,the road from the middle of Chu State to the central plains of Luoyi,and the road from the east of Chu State to Puyang of Wei State.The place names involved in the bamboo slips are the key cities or regions of the North-South Avenue.Some adjust the word order according to the rhyme requirements of Cang Jie Pian,and finally form "Yan Deng Xi Li"(鄢邓析郦),"Wan E Hao Xiang"(宛鄂(?)),"Chen Cai Song Wei"(陈蔡宋卫),"Wu Han Xu Zhuang"(吴邗许庄)..Chapter Five:Interpretation of "Jing Huan Zhao Mu,Feng Ying Cuan Chi"(景桓昭穆,丰盈爨炽)in Cang Jie Pian Collected by Peking UniversityFor a long time,the two sentences "Jing Huan Zhao Mu,Feng Ying Cuan Chi"(景桓昭穆,丰盈爨识)in Cang Jie Pian Five of the Han bamboo slips of Peking University have not been accurately explained.The literature proves that the words of the two sentences are closely related to the ancestral temple sacrificial offerings.From the perspective of the overall process of the ancestral temple sacrifice,the affairs involving the "Jing Huan" and "Zhao Mu" system were more obvious in the early stage of the sacrifice,and the "Jinxian Zisheng"(进献粢盛)ceremony including "Cuan chi" was in the sacrifice.In the mid-term,according to the order of affairs,that is,"Jing Huan Zhao Mu" comes first,and"Feng Ying Cuan Chi" comes after.The word order of "Jing Huan Zhao Mu,Feng Ying Cuan Chi"in Cang Jie Pian is the same as that of "Jing Huan Zhao Mu,Feng Ying Cuan Chi".The coincidence can also prove the correspondence between the two names.Chapter Six:Research on the Font Standard,Relationship Between Seal and OfficialScript and Related Issues of "Writing the Same Characters" Movement in Qin Dynasty:The Historical Value of Chinese Characters in Cang Jie PianThe "Writing the Same Characters" Movement in Qin Dynasty is an important part of the study of Chinese character history and Qin and Han history.With the unearthed of Qin bamboo slips and Qin character objects,the font standard of "Writing the Same Characters" Movement and the relationship between seal script and official script gradually disagree.This paper proves that the official standard font of "Writing the Same Characters" Movement should be Qin Xiaozhuan(小篆)rather than Qin Li(秦隶)by comparing the font of early materials of.The documents also prove that Qin Li and other Qin Shu Eight Chirography and Xiaozhuan together constitute the overall appearance of Qin characters unified with the outside world,and cooperated with Xiaozhuan to participate in the movement of "Writing the Same Characters" Movement.There are three reasons:First of all,Xiaozhuan was the official character of the official book of Qin Dynasty.It had a long history,high social prestige,and orthodox origin.It is more conducive to the construction of the orthodoxy of the Qin script by "Writing the Same Characters" Movement.Secondly,Xiaozhuan was a basic font for learning Qin characters,which should be learned first.Thirdly,"Writing the Same Characters" Movement was actually a kind of external unity of the Qin characters to the variant characters of six countries.Although Xiaozhuan was the official font,it did not pursue the consistency of the internal fonts in Qin characters.Therefore,after the "Writing the Same Characters" Movement Movement,Xiaozhuan and Qin Li can appear in parallel.Chapter Seven:Study of "Encouraging Learning" in the Opening Chapter of Qin andHan Literacy Textbooks:The Ancient Educational History Value of Han Bamboo Slips Cang Jie PianThe thought of "encouraging learning" is an important educational thought in ancient China.In the literacy textbooks of the past dynasties,the thought of "encouraging learning" is usually contained in the neat and versed "encouraging learning language",through which "encouraging learning language" plays a role of persuading learning and stimulating the willingness to learn.The literature proves that the seven chapters of Cang Jie in "Qin Sancang",the six chapters of Zhao Gao’s Yuanli,the later Ji Jiu Pian and the fragments of the anonymous literacy textbooks in the Chinese bamboo slips obtained by Stein all have the opening chapters of "encouraging learning".It can be seen that there are general precedents in Qin and Han literacy textbooks that encourage learning at the beginning.This general precedent reflects the idea of writing textbooks for ancient text education,and related texts also reflect the educational concepts and methods of ancient text education,which are of great significance to the study of ancient Chinese education history."Qin Sancang" set up the opening words to encourage learning,which was mainly influenced by the traditional educational concepts of the pre-Qin period,the political reality after the unification of the Qin Dynasty,and the personal will of Li Si,the leader.From the question of"opening to encourage learning",it can be seen that the unearthed documents of the Han Dynasty represented by the bamboo slips Cang Jie Pian are valuable materials for investigating Qin and Han literacy teaching materials,and are of great significance to the study of ancient education history.