The Research On The Folk Characters In Zidishu

Zidishu is a popular form of rap and singing from The middle and late Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China.It has been widely spread in Beijing,Tianjin and Shenyang for nearly 200 years.Moreover,its manuscripts is of great value for research because of its high authenticity,definite time and place,abundant materials and huge amount.In the past,the academic circle has made fruitful achievements in the study of Zidishu,mainly focusing on the study of literature and text subject matter,literary value,artistic features,cultural connotation and language,etc.However,the study of Zidishu from the angle of philology is relatively weak.Zidishu is a living fossil that studies the writing condition from the Qing Dynasty to the early Republic of China.Most of the texts of the Zidishu are rare manuscripts,which contain a large number of valuable authentic materials of the folk characters,which cover a wide range of characters and are not affected by the standardization of the characters at the time of the edition,in addition,because of the individual differences of hand-copying and the changes and times of the characters themselves,there are many folk characters with various forms and forms,which is very beneficial to the special study of folk characters.Zidishu is such a batch of folk character that has not been excavated yet.This article takes the Zidishu as the research materials,which is collected in the Materials in the Collection of the Institute of History and Philology(《俗文学丛刊》),Materials in the Palace Museum(《故宫珍本丛刊》),Materials in the Shuanghongtang Library,Orient Institute of Cultural Studies,University of Tokyo,Japan(《日本东京大学东洋文化研究所双红堂文库藏稀见中国钞本曲本汇刊》),Materials in the Chewangfu in Qing Dynasty(《清车王府藏曲本》).It also collates the original manuscript and the Rewrites text,examines and explains the difficult characters,establishes the corpus of folk characters and the form chart of folk characters in Zidishu,and arranges a comparatively comprehensive study text of folk characters.On this basis,the paper systematically describes,explains and studies the folk characters in Zidishu,such as the structural motivation of folk characters,categorization of Chinese characters,phonetic loan characters,redundancy phenomenon and homograph phenomenon,and sums up the characteristics of folk characters in Zidishu,in order to provide a reference for the study of modern folk characters,provide materials for the revision of large dictionaries,and provide support for the collation and research of ancient books of rap literature such as Zidishu.The paper is divided into seven parts:The first chapter is introduction.This chapter is divided into three parts:Introduction of Zidishu,research status,research value and methods.The second chapter is the study on the formation of the folk characters in Zidishu.In this chapter,according to the result of the formation of folk characters,the rationale for the formation of folk characters is divided into two aspects:hetero-writing(异写)and hetero-structure(异构),according to the process of the formation of folk characters,the rationale for the formation of folk characters is divided into three aspects:stroke variation(笔画变异),component variation(构件变异)and component variation due to stroke variation(因笔画变异而笔画变异),and emphasizes the analysis of the three aspects.The article points out that the formation of the folk characters is not only the different shapes with the same motivation caused by the stroke variation,but also the different shapes with the same motivation caused by the component variation,there is also a variation due to the stroke variation resulting in a change in motivation,that is,component variation.The third chapter is the study on the categorization of Chinese characters in Zidishu.This chapter summarizes the research status of the study of the categorization of Chinese characters,and sums up the motive force into meaning and form.The categorization of meaning makes the motivation of words stronger and the meaning clearer,while the categorization of form makes the motivation of words lost or unmotivation.From the point of view of motivation,the categorization of Chinese characters can be divided into three categories: the categorization of Chinese characters with stroke variation,the categorization of Chinese characters with component variation,and the categorization of Chinese characters with component variation due to stroke variation.And research the homograph phenomenon or the mismix phenomenon which produces because of the categorization.The fourth chapter is the study on the phonetic loan characters in Zidishu.First of all,this chapter summarizes the research status of the study of phonetic loan characters.It holds that the phonetic loan characters are based on phonetion,and phonetic similarity is a prerequisite,borrowing form is the essence,So it comes down to words.the phonetic loan characters are divided into two types: homophonic loan characters and phonetic loan characters.The main ways of the phonetic loan characters are phonetic complement of pictophonetic characters phonetic loan pictophonetic characters,pictophonetic characters phonetic loan phonetic complement of pictophonetic characters,phonetic loan phonetic complement of the same pictophonetic character,phonetic loan sound near characters.the characteristics of phonetic loan characters are one-to-many and many-to-one,borrow from each other,and most of them use simplified forms instead of traditional ones,a few of them use traditional ones instead ofsimplified forms.The fifth chapter is the study on the redundancy phenomenon in Zidishu.This chapter classifies the types of redundancy phenomenon into two categories:stroke redundancy and component redundancy.three types of painting are summarized,which are adding stroke redundancy to certain stroke or stroke combination,adding stroke redundancy to hollow components or between hollow components,and adding stroke redundancy to the periphery of font.The causes of the of the formation of redundancy symbol are characterization,fill in the hole,assimilation,dissimilation,writing habits,and so on.And from the motivation and form analysis of the influence produced by the redundancy phenomenon in Zidishu.It is pointed out that the influence of the redundancy symbols on the character system needs to be looked at correctly.On the one hand,it makes folk characters complicated,component errors,word-formation motivation weakened,folk characters error or misinterpretation,etc.On the other hand,it enhances the repeatability of the components and systematicness of the characters,and reduces the burden of the words system.The influence of the envy symbol on the writing system should also be contrasted diachronic,considered in synchrony and evaluated scientifically.The Sixth chapter is the study on the homograph phenomenon in Zidishu.this chapter summarizes the research status of the study of homograph phenomenon.It holds that due to the variation of strokes or components,the phenomenon that the shapes of homographs are the same as the shapes of some characters is called homographs,the resulting two or more meanings do not have any internal relationship between the vulgar word form known as homomorphic characters.It is believed that homomorphic characters have the same form and different meaning,so homomorphic characters can be divided into two categories: phonetic near homomorphic characters and phonetic different homomorphic characters.The cause of homomorphic characters is stroke variation,component variation and component variation due to stroke variation.It also analyzes the homomorphic characters of Zidishu,adds new sound and new meaning to the characters of Zhong Hua Zi Haiand the Chinese Dictionary.The Seventh chapter is the study on the obscure folk characters,Zidishu and compilation of large Chinese characters dictionaries.This chapter uses a variety of difficult word interpretation methods,for example,using materials to correctly analyze the rationale for the formation of folk characters,using a large number of folk characters to outline the clues and track of the evolution of characters,making use of the mixing components of folk characters to make an analogy,and making use of the materials of variant forms of folk characters to make a comparative study,etc.,the obscure characters in Zidishu are examined and explained.the study can provide clues and examples for the unacquainted Chinese characters in large Chinese characters dictionaries including Zhong Hua Zi Hai and the Chinese Dictionary,add new definitions and examples for those with incomplete interpretations,provide suitable language examples for some characters,and also provide earlier documentary evidence for those who are behind.