Multiple Intermediateness: The Study Of Huang Zhengqing And Social Transformation In Labrang Area(1920～1949)

During the period of the Republic of China,the situation in Labrang region was turbulent.With the Revolution of 1911,a modern democratic country was established in China,and the transformation of social modernization has also accelerated the historical process of advancing in various regions of China.At this time,as far away as the northwest,the Labrang region also lost its former tranquility and was caught up in the historical torrent of social change.In the early years of the Republic of China,due to the power struggle within the Labrang Monastery and the intervention of the Ninghai troops,the Labrang region fell into a 10-year struggle between control and anti control.In 1927,under the intervention of state power,the Labrang incident was resolved.As a compromise,the national county level regime was embedded in the Labrang region.Since then,in the context of the construction of a modern nation state and the comprehensive anti Japanese war of the Chinese nation,the national will has accelerated its infiltration into the Labrang region,and the traditional social structure of Labrang has further undergone fission,and the transformation of social modernization has gradually begun.In the process of social transformation in Labrang region,due to the long-term dominance of the local system of political and religious unity,there are multiple barriers between the requirements of modern national governance and the acceptance of such requirements by Labrang region society.The inherent system of political and religious unity,the exclusiveness of traditional culture,and language barriers are all obstacles that need to be overcome.To break through these obstacles,it is necessary to establish a bridge between the state power and the society of the Labrang region,which is used to effectively communicate their connections and demands.Due to Huang Zhengqing’s dual identity as a leader of the political and religious order of Labrang and an official of the government of the Republic of China,as well as the modern consciousness that most of the upper classes of the political and religious order of Labrang lacked at that time,Huang Zhengqing was chosen by the times to become a link and bridge between the national power and the Labrang political and religious group,the national local power and the Labrang people,as well as between modern and traditional relationships.During the process of social transformation in the Labrang region during the Republic of China,Huang Zhengqing complied with the trend of the development of the times and actively acted,not only assisting the National Government in establishing a framework for modern national grassroots political power in the Labrang region,but also promoting economic,cultural,medical and other modernization factors to enter the Labrang region,thereby promoting the social modernization transformation in various fields to varying degrees.In this process,Huang Zhengqing also gradually formed a modern national,ethnic,and cultural outlook,leading and influencing the process of social transformation in the Labrang region to a large extent.During the period of the Republic of China,the construction of a modern nation state and the comprehensive anti Japanese war of the Chinese nation were two major themes in China’s political life.Centering on these two themes,state power deeply intervened in the Labrang region and became the leading force in promoting the social modernization and transformation in the Labrang region.In 1927,taking advantage of the resolution of the Labrang incident,the national county level regime was established in the Labrang region.After that,with this as a branch,modern social factors such as political governance,industrial economy,modern education,and improvement of living habits continued to tiller and grow in the Labrang region.Especially during the period of the Comprehensive Anti Japanese War,under the policy guidance and economic support of the National Government in developing and constructing the northwest,the transformation of social modernization in the Labrang region accelerated.Before the peaceful liberation in 1949,various social fields in the Labrang region had achieved modernization and transformation to varying degrees.In terms of politics,the traditional system of political and religious integration in Labrang has partially completed the separation of politics and religion,and the religious and separatist local political system has also begun to be limited by the secular and unified national political system.The national grassroots political power has been initially established in the Labrang region,and the transformation of political modernization has been partially achieved.In terms of economy,cross-border and interregional business activities have further flourished,and modern industries characterized by factory production have also begun to emerge in the Labrang region,injecting some modern elements into the social transformation of the Labrang region.In terms of culture and education,modern education in the Labrang region has achieved outstanding achievements,involving subdivisions such as basic school education,vocational and technical education,civilian education,and vocational education for young monks.The forms of teaching are also diverse,including targeted school education,itinerant education to grasslands,and cultural groups that occasionally teach in residential areas.The development of modern education in the Labrang region has opened up the wisdom of the people and fundamentally laid the foundation for the modernization transformation of the Labrang region.Medical and health care,modern transportation,and improvement of social customs have also achieved unprecedented development,promoting the transformation of social modernization in the Labrang region to a deeper development.During the process of social modernization transformation in Labrang region,Huang Zhengqing became an important leader,active advocate,and concrete practitioner of modernization in Labrang region during the Republic of China period,greatly affecting the process of social modernization transformation in Labrang region.Throughout the process of social modernization and transformation in the Labrang region from 1920 to 1949,the construction of a modern nation state and the need for the comprehensive anti Japanese war of the Chinese nation were the main driving forces,in which local elites such as Huang Zhengqing also played an important role.During this period,Huang Zhengqing complied with the trend of development of the times,actively cooperated with the National Government in the governance of Labrang region for the benefit of the country and the Chinese nation,and took the initiative to directly promote the process of social modernization and transformation in Labrang region in terms of economy,culture,education,etc.In this process,Huang Zhengqing established effective links between multiple pairs of relationships that needed urgent coordination,opened up many barriers that were not conducive to the social modernization of the Labrang region,and played a unique multiple intermediary role in the social transformation of the Labrang region.