A Study On The Customs And Geography Of The Four Routes Of Sichuan And Xia In The Song Dynast

Song Dynasty Chuanxia Fourth Road is the four high-rise administrative areas of Yizhou,Zizhou,Lizhou and Kuizhou set up in the early Song Dynasty.This area is a vast inland area of southwest China,mainly in the south of Qinling Mountains and Bashan Mountains and Sichuan Basin,which is about equivalent to Bashu and Hanzhong in the Qin and Han Dynasties.Because it is in the south of Huashan Mountain,it was also called the land of Huayang in the Jin Dynasty.This area has a long history and splendid culture,especially near the Chengdu Plain,with superior natural conditions,rich products,and closed around,easy to divide.It has always been valued by the rulers of the Central Plains.At the beginning of the capture of Shu,the Song court adopted a relatively strict governance strategy in this area to crack down on the rebellion,eliminate the estrangement and stabilize the social order.Then the ideological control was strengthened,through the adjustment of policies,the governance of local officials and the cooperation of the local elites,the customs were corrected and the people were educated,and the situation in Chuanxia Road 4 area became stable,the economy became increasingly prosperous,the customs gradually settled,and gradually met the political needs of the ruling class.Since the late Zhenzong Dynasty,this area has developed into an important financial place in the Song Dynasty.In this context,the economy and society of Chuanxia Fourth Road have been fully developed,and various customs have also shown unique faces in a specific historical period.In terms of living customs,due to the unique natural environment and the development of economy and agriculture,the Chuanxia area of the Song Dynasty was rich in agricultural products,such as zhenzhu vegetables,yuanxiu vegetables,fire rice became the home cooking of people at that time.The sweet taste of western Sichuan and the freshness of eastern Sichuan became the food differences between the two Sichuan.The weinao cap,luxin cloth and Huayang scarf in Shu have become a temporary dress fashion.With the development of the textile industry,the different styles of cloth and silk produced in different places have created the possibility for the differences of clothing customs in different places.Thatts,tile-roofed houses and board houses constitute the main living forms of Han residents in central Sichuan Basin,while Diaolou and stilted houses become the residential choices of minority residents in the marginal mountains.The steep and winding Shu roads facilitates people to ride donkeys or ponies,and the river with rapid water also forces people to hold small boats to drive safely.It was an interesting local custom for people to say goodbye with wine,fold flowers to send guests off,and worship the god of travel during this period.In general,the fourth road area can be divided into three custom areas: northern Sichuan,central Sichuan and eastern Sichuan.Although the boundaries of the region and the sub-region are slightly different according to different regions according to different custom factors.However,the basic custom pattern of "three parts of the world" has not changed substantially.North Sichuan north of Sichuan basin,jianmen pass outside,including the southern shaanxi,southeast Gansu parts,the regional folkway relatively brave,honest,faith is given priority to with Xuan Ling king and dragon god,engagement to "incense","tea" as the main form,funeral customs habits in water burial,seasonal customs attaches great importance to the winter solstice and cold food.The middle of Shu is the most important area of Chuanxia 4 Road,with Chengdu Plain,rich material materials,generous folk customs,luxury,believes in Erlang,Zitong and Shehong,attaches great importance to feng shui for funerals,visits the mountains on the Shangsi Festival,offers gifts at the end of the year,and rich and colorful commercial customs.In fact,eastern Sichuan is the vast eastern and southern Sichuan areas covering the east of Kuizhou Road and the south of Zizhou Road.This area is inhabited by yi,liao and other ethnic minorities,the people are bold and wild,clothing,housing,transportation,marriage and funeral customs are very different from the Han people.Although in the secondary Gonghefuzhong district,there are still Han customs such as belief the gods of Zhang Fei and Bishan,treadtill,welcome wealth,but Qianshirongzun second-class district wears strange clothes,living in cliff caves and advocating ghosts,showing a local situation different from the Central Plains.It can be said that the differences between the customs areas of eastern Sichuan and the other two regions,to some extent,also reflect the differences between the Han and Yi dynasties.Inheritance variation,boundary mixture and national complexity were the three main features of chuanxia four road custom geography in Song Dynasty.The formation of such customs and appearance is the result of the comprehensive effect of various factors such as geographical environment,political regulation,economic differences and immigration impact,and is also the inevitable manifestation of the historical evolution of cultural forms during the reform of the Tang and Song dynasties.This custom also laid the basic pattern and form of later Sichuan and Chongqing customs.