| Xinhua Daily is the first large-scale national Daily founded by the Communist Party of China since its founding day.It is also the only party newspaper published and distributed in the Kuomintang-controlled areas during the Anti-Japanese War and the early stage of the Liberation War.The nine-year existence of Xinhua Daily is the key stage of the transformation of Chinese society from traditional form to modern form.At the same time,it is also a critical period in which modern Chinese literature deviates from its original development track and gradually transits to contemporary Chinese literature due to the influence of the wars at home and abroad since the May 4th Literary Revolution.During this period of time,anti-Japanese and national salvation and striving for a democratic victory became the themes of the times;literature and politics were closely bound together.Xinhua Daily is not only the witness and recorder of this period of history,but also the main leader,promoter and participant in the development and transformation of literature in the Kuomintang ruled areas in this period.This paper takes the poetry in Xinhua Daily,which has experienced the Anti-Japanese War,the early stage of the Liberation War and lasted for more than nine years,as the research object.By summarizing the general situation and development process of the poetry in Xinhua Daily,this paper compares it with Jiefang Daily,which has the same political tendency and different political context,and Central Daily,which has different political tendencies and the same political context.These comparisons based on combination of points and spheres highlight the unique characteristics of the poetry in Xinhua Daily.The paper tries toexplorefrom the thick dust of history the important values and meanings of the poetry in Xinhua Daily.This paper is mainly divided into five parts.The introduction part mainly explains the origin of this paper,the current research condition and the outline of Xinhua Daily,and the research object,methods,goals and values of this paper.First of all,this part explains the origin of this study.As a product of modern society,newspapers and periodicals are important carriers of literature communication.They are closely related to the birth and development of modern Chinese literature.Xinhua Daily As the only publiclypublished and issued party newspaper of the Communist Party of China in the Kuomintang-controlled areas in the1940 s,Xinhua Daily is an important battle field and barometer for the propaganda of literature and art in the Kuomintang-controlled areas.It reflects the literary and artistic choicesand struggles made by the Communist Party of China in the Kuomintang-controlled areas where the political situation is extremely complicated.It also reflects the complex and staggered state of the survival and development of literature and art in the Kuomintang-controlled areas and even the whole country.In Xinhua Daily,there is a large number of poetry which,as the light cavalry of literature,can best reflectwith a strong sensitivity the change of a certain trend of thought.Therefore,this paper selects poetry in Xinhua Daily as the main research object.Starting from the specific historical context,this paper tries to explore the unique status and value of Xinhua Daily and its poetry,which is covered by the dust of history.Secondly,this part classifies and briefly reviews the relevant works and papers on Xinhua Daily and its poetry so far.Up to now,the academic research on Xinhua Daily is mainly conducted from the aspects of journalism,advertising,history and so on,but the research conducted from the perspective of literature is still very weak and the research on the poetry of Xinhua Dailyis even weaker.Moreover,most of the studies on poetry in Xinhua Dailyjust focus on some specificpoetic phenomenon or style in a certain period of time in Xinhua Daily,which lacks enough systematicness and depth.However,the shortcomings of these studies have provided the important foundation and assistance for the feasibility and necessity of this study.The first chapter mainly combs and classifies the author identity of the poetry in Xinhua Daily,and points out that thewriters of the poetryin Xinhua Daily have the characteristics of inclusiveness and universality.There are three types of writers: the first type is employees of Xinhua Daily and the left-wing poets.They are the backbone force which set the “red” keytone for the literature and art of the party newspaper of the Communist Party of China under the principle of the United Front.The second category is the leaders of the Communist Party of China,the officials of the Kuomintang and democraticprogressives.Although there are great differences in the party and government factions and political opinions,most of these writers have prominent status and high social prestige.They are the writers with the highest political qualification and the greatest social influence in Xinhua Daily,which fully embodies the United Front principle implemented by Xinhua Daily in the Kuomintang-controlled areas.The third category mainly includes teachers,students,workers,soldiers and others.This creative group also fully embodies the basic principle of the United Front upheld by the Communist Party of China and Xinhua Daily,and also reflects the uniqueness of this newspaper,that is,taking the working people as the main body,it is a newspaper mainly for the middle and lower classes.This is the one and only in the Kuomintang-controlled areas.The second chapter mainly discusses the thematic content and style of the poetry in Xinhua Daily.The poetry has a strong sense of reality and times.When the war of resistance against Japan and striving for democracy and peace became the theme of the times,the theme of the poetry also focused on uniting Chinese people toenter into the Anti-Japanese War and striving for democracy and peace.The styles of the poetry have the characteristics of nationalization and popularization.The main body is vernacular newpoetry,which best embodies the characteristics of popularization andnationalization of the poetry in Xinhua Daily.At the same time,Xinhua Daily also publishes a lot of traditional poems.This seems to be contrary to the artistic pursuit of popularization of literature and art,but in the war situation,these traditional poemshave their own unique charm and special functions.In fact,under the advocacy of the editors,the writers of these traditional poems have also made many modernist and popular improvements and efforts.The third chapter mainly discusses the important influence of rectification on Xinhua Daily and its poetry.First of all,this paper introduces the background and process of the rectification and revision of Xinhua Daily,as well as its gradual and in-depth publicity of the Speech in the Yan’an Forumon Literature and Art.Secondly,taking the rectification and revision of Xinhua Daily as the time cut-off point,this paper compares the literary and artistic views and poetry works in Xinhua Daily before and after the revision so as to revealthe trend that the political and instrumental nature of the poetry in Xinhua Dailyhas been intensified greatly after the rectification and revision.The fourth chapter mainly compares the poems with the same political tendency and different political contexts in Xinhua Daily and Jiefang Daily.This chapter takes the Speech in the Yan’an Forumon Literature and Art as an important turning point,highlighting the relationship and differences between the poetry in Xinhua Daily and Jiefang Daily,as well as their different fates after 1949.Beforethe Yan’an Forumon Literature and Art was held,although both newspapers advocated serving for the dissemination of the Anti-Japanese War,advocating the popularization of literature and art,and emphasizing the importance of the political nature and artistic quality of literature and art,the poetry in these two newspapers showed different characteristicsdue to their different political environments and specific situations.After the Yan’an Forumon Literature and Art,both Xinhua Daily and Jiefang Daily actively took on the important task of publicizing and practicing the spirit of the Speech in the Yan’an Forumon Literature and Art.On one hand,Xinhua Daily learned from Jiefang Dailyactively.On the other hand,due to the different political,economic and cultural backgrounds in the Kuomintang-controlled areas,Xinhua Daily adopted different ways and made different choices,which made the poems in Xinhua Dailydifferent from those of Jiefang Daily.After 1949,the poets and works in the two newspapers encountered different fates and different evaluations in different periods.The main reason for this phenomenon lies in the different ways in which the two newspapers publicized and practiced the spirit of the Speech in the Yan’an Forumon Literature and Art.The fifth chapter mainly compares the poems with different political tendencies and the same political context in Xinhua Daily and Central Daily.Firstly,the formation process and basic characteristics of the literature and art policies of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party in the 1930 s and 1940 s are summarized.Secondly,taking the Anti-Japanese-war poetry as an example,this part discusses the different propaganda orientations and characteristics of Xinhua Daily and Central Daily under their own literary and artistic policies.Finally,taking specific poems and poetics in Xinhua Daily and Central Daily as the object,this part discusses the different ways of carrying out their literary and artistic policies.Accordingly,these different ways lead to the phenomenon of consistency or deviation between them and their literary and artistic policies.To be specific,while conforming to the propagandaof the Kuomintang government,Central Daily often collided with the Kuomintang literary and artistic policies and acted out of line.This reflects not only the strong appeal of literature to break through the restrictions,but also the Kuomintang government’s strong desire yet weak control on literature and art.Although the poetry in Xinhua Dailydoes not fully conform to the will of the high-level leaders of the Communist Party of China in a certain period of time,thisis limited to the disputes on literary and artistic thoughts within the party.Generally speaking,it is consistent with the basic direction of the CPC’s literary and artistic policies.The conclusion emphasizes that we should objectively evaluate the poetry and poetic phenomenon in Xinhua Daily from the social and historical context,and points out that the study on the poetry in Xinhua Daily is one of the important windows to observe the phenomenon of literary history in this period,which is also the main significance of studying the poetry in Xinhua Daily.Finally,it summarizes the literature enlightenment this poetic research.The appendix is also an integral part of this paper.Attached at the end of the paper,the poetic works in Xinhua Daily are sorted and compiled into “Poetry Catalogue of Xinhua Daily.”... |
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