A Research On The Practice Of The School-Running In The Enemy’s Rear Of The First Branch Of Kang Da

During the Chinese People’s War of Total Resistance against Japanese Aggression,the education of cadres of the Communist Party of China(CPC)made considerable progress.In this period,the CPC gradually changed the strategy of arousing revolutionary consciousness in the early days of building the Party and paying more attention to the military education in the Red Army period,and endowed the education of cadres with more connotations in terms of military,politics,united front,civil movement and regime education.Under the guideline of "cadre education first",the CPC has explored and established a new system that combines in-service cadre education,school cadre education and training classes,forming an appealing scene in which various types of cadres in different resistance bases were cultivated under the direct leadership of the CPC Central Committee.The Chinese People’s Anti-Japanese Military and Political College(hereinafter referred to as "Kang Da")is a representative of colleges that fostered cadres in the War of Resistance.Together with over ten branches,it has cultivated more than 200,000 outstanding cadres,which plays a significant role in the history of cadre education of CPC.The first branch of Kang Da is its earliest school established in the rear of the enemy.Hailed as "the school-running pioneer behind enemy lines",it is also the branch with the longest running time,the largest regional span and the largest number of trainees.In response to the call of CPC,the first branch of Kang Da followed the changing situation and the needs for the War of Resistance,successively carried out cadre education in the southeast of Shanxi Province,Shandong Province,and the northeast of China in the seven years of running,and opened three branches in the south,north and east of Shandong Province,cultivating more than 24,000 military and political cadres with both ability and moral integrity.These cadres played a backbone role in the counter-Japanese battlefield in the southeast of Shanxi Province and Shandong Province,and some were sent to other resistance bases and big cities to carry out various work.They also had outstanding performances in many construction projects after the War of liberation and the founding of the PRC,highlighting the effectiveness of the first branch of Kang Da as a "heavy industry plant" for cadre cultivation.In the process of running schools behind enemy lines,the first branch of Kang Da was guided by Mao Zedong’s thought on cadre education during the Counter-Japanese War,with the goal of "education serving the War of Resistance" and the principle of "less but better",and formed a teaching model with both characteristics of the education in the War of Resistance and highlights of the school.In terms of personnel structure,it adhered to the combination of "bringing in" and"cultivating" to build good faculty,and to the combination of "enriching the knowledge of worker and peasant cadres" and "endowing the intellectuals with agricultural and industrial practice" to cultivate cadres.In terms of educational content,it attached equal importance to studying Marxism-Leninism and Chinese reality,to studying military theory and participating in technical and tactical training,to enhancing military and political understanding and improving literacy,and to serving real fights and focusing on future development.In terms of teaching methods,it insisted on the unity of imparting knowledge and enlightening consciousness,the unity of classroom teaching and after-class practice,and the unity of education and self-education.This organizational model,supplemented by the corresponding books and textbooks,material supplies,education system,and a group of dedicated staff with good working attitude,laid a good foundation for the first branch of Kang Da to make considerable progress behind enemy lines.When studying the practice of the first branch of Kang Da,its unique strategy of"combining learning with the war" should be spotlighted.It paid attention to taking the vast base area as the training ground for teaching staff to learn and improve.It participated widely in the construction of resistance bases by organizing working groups of mass movements,cultural publicity as well as various specialized teams,which actively carried out the work of mass movement,regime construction,rent and interest reduction,supporting the government,connecting with people and front work.It mobilized people when going deep with them,inspired people when organizing them,connected with people when serving for them,led people when helping them,and further won the support of those who were stubborn or sat on a fence.What is more,the first branch of Kang Da adhered to the principle of "Learning in combat and fighting in learning".Through the practice from hundreds of combats,it cooperated with the main force of the Eighth Route Army,fought against the puppet forces,carried out the struggle against the "mopping-up" operation and made great sacrifices.In the famous Battle of Da Qingshan,a whole military group almost fell in the battle.With various practice mentioned above,the first branch of Kang Da protected their sound learning environment,deepened cadres’ understanding of the knowledge learned,accumulated valuable combat experience and improved the quality of learning.The cultural contribution of the first branch of Kang Da also should be highlighted when studying its practice of running school behind enemy lines.With its policy of "holding onto correct political direction,hard work,flexible strategy and tactics",the first branch of Kang Da brought the spirit of the Long March and the spirit of Yan’an to resistance bases in southeast Shanxi Province and Shandong Province,where they were passed on and promoted,bringing the faculty and students of the school,the guerrilla fighters of the Eighth Route Army,the cadres and ordinary people in resistance bases together to fight for the country.In the process of integration the army with people in the resistance base areas,the school spirit of "firm belief,loyalty to faith,love for the country,serving people,hard work,selfless dedication,initiative and optimism,pragmatism and innovation" was formed,enriching and developing the university spirit,which also became part of the great Counter-Japanese War spirit and contributed to the formation of the spirit of Yimeng.It fully demonstrates the revolutionary,militant and progressive nature of the School cadre education of the War of Resistance of the CPC,as well as its transmissibility,appealingness and influence.Its experience in running the school,such as setting the Party building and ideological work as the foundation,aiming the goal of serving practical needs,and relying on a good cultural atmosphere,also brings inspiration to the cadre education in the new era.