A Study On The Historical Materialism Dimension Of Marx's Thought Of "the Free Development Of Every Individual

Marx’s idea of "the free development of each" is based on the foundation of historical materialism and is the core value and goal of the theory of historical materialism.Its theoretical origins are mainly in German classical philosophy.Marx deeply criticized Kant’s thought of "the person is the goal","the human being’s legislation for nature",and other ideas of freedom of will,sublated Hegel’s rational freedom,drew on Feuerbach’s humanism,established the idea of "the free development of each" on the basis of deeply criticizing capitalist reality.Marx’s idea of "the free development of each" has its own internal logical process of formation and development.From his doctoral thesis "Freedom Within" to the "Alienated Man" in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844,Marx began to seek the path of human development and human emancipation.The scientific idea of "the free development of each" is based on the foundation of historical materialism,starting from the practical activities of human beings and from social relations to reveal human nature.Human beings are the main force for transforming social relations.Based on a profound analysis of the inherent contradictions of capitalist society,Marx established the essential meaning and conditions for the realization of "the free development of each," which can only be achieved by the proletariat revolutionarily transforming the capitalist relations of production under the highly developed productive forces and establishing a "the freeman association ".As Marx’s theory of historical materialism deepened,his idea of "the free development of each" also continued to evolve.In Das Kapit,Marx used the basic principles of historical materialism to accurately reveal the logic of capital and the historical fate of capitalism,indicating that capitalism will inevitably be replaced by a new social system that it has bred,and that human beings will move from the "realm of necessity" to the "realm of freedom." Marx further enriched the meaning of human development by elevating "the free development of each" to "the comprehensive and free development of each individual." With the goal of the liberation of the proletariat and all humankind,in his later years Marx turned his attention to the East and explored the possibility of Eastern countries directly entering socialism and communism beyond the capitalist "Caudine Forks".Marx transformed from a humanitarian to a communist,and his idea of "the free development of each"also underwent a philosophical transformation from humanitarianism to communism.Marx went from sympathizing with the miserable conditions of the proletariat to leading the proletarian revolution and pointing out that only by liberating all humankind can the proletariat achieve self-liberation,with his theoretical coordinates being historical materialism.Historical materialism has a dual function of criticism and construction.Marx criticized the bourgeoisie for using the state as a fictitious community to obscure and distort human development,revealed the bourgeois nature of civil society,exposed the negation of human nature by the logic of capital,and constructed a system of ideas of "the free development of each" that has human liberation as its goal,with the richness and freedom of human beings as its practical direction,and embodies the dialectical unity of the comprehensive development and the free development of human beings.From the perspective of practice,"the free development of each" points to the improvement of individual abilities and qualities in real life,and the combination of labor and education is the foundation and pathway to achieve the comprehensive improvement of individual abilities and qualities."the free development of each" is realized in the new social community,namely,"the freeman association".Therefore,"the free development of each" and "the free development of all" are unified.The idea of "the free development of each" embodies the unity of truth principle and value principle,and reflects the dual dimension of historical materialism theory.The traditional epistemology only understands practice as human activity in the process of cognition,acknowledging practice as the source and purpose of knowledge,but not recognizing practice as the essential force of human beings or viewing human subjectivity from the perspective of practical materialism ontology,which leads to the separation of humans from society and history,ultimately returning to the position of old materialism.Traditional ontology takes the external material world as the ontology,regarding humans only as a part of nature,and does not view the change of the natural world and the development of human society as the same historical process from the perspective of practical subject constructing the world.By treating humans as passive beings standing outside of history,it stifles their activity and creativity.Restoring the historical materialism dimension of the idea of "the free development of each" means unifying the truth,value,theory,and practice of this idea,grasping the historical initiative and creativity of "the free development of each."Western Marxism and the so-called "New Marxism" in Eastern Europe attempted to bring Marxist ideas back to humanitarianism and made many efforts in this regard,although their positions differed,they all centered around Marx’s theory of alienation.These theories have inspired people,but have shown weaknesses in constructing new social systems.The radical reforms during the Gorbachev era in the Soviet Union ultimately led to an irreversible path of "reorientation."In contemporary China,the idea of "the free development of each" has been further developed in theory and practice.Especially in the new era,this idea has continuously gained new connotations in the perspective of historical materialism,and "putting the people first" is the embodiment of "the free development of each" in China.Without a doubt,With the progress of Chinese modernization and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation,the historical materialism dimension of the idea of "the free development of each" will play an increasingly important role in the great practice of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era.