The Evolution Of Chinese Stereotypes In Der Spiegel (1973-2019

Bauman’s cultural theory was formed in the specific social and historical environment.On the basis of Marx’s thought,Gramsci’s thought of cultural leadership,Cultural critical thought of Eastern European Neo-Marxism,Bauman formed a unique cultural theory.It was based on his unique understanding of culture that he found the inner positive power of human beings and examined the realistic predicament of developed industrial society from the perspective of cultural criticism.By analyzing the highly controversial concept of culture in history,Bauman connected culture with human passion and creativity,and proposed the concept of "culture as practice".He believed that culture is not only the result of human creative activities,but also the birth of human creative activities.It is this quality that keeps Bauman interested in culture.On the whole,Bauman’s cultural theory presents a unique critical position.In the early stage of cultural studies,Bauman mainly focused on socialism and cultural issues.Based on the socialist practice in Eastern Europe,he rethought the existing problems of socialism.He understood Utopia from the perspective of culture and regarded it as the inner power to realize socialist transformation.He tried to humanize the world by carrying on people’s inner critical and transcendental Utopian spirit.His socialist Utopian thought and cultural practice view together became the important achievements of humanistic cultural spirit in the 20 th century.In the middle period of cultural studies,Bauman shifted his theoretical focus from Eastern European socialism to the whole human world,analyzed the pursuit of uniformity of modern horticultural culture and also analyzed the technological achievements and bureaucratic mechanisms brought by modern civilization.He believed that the Holocaust was the inevitable result of the modernity development.In the late period of cultural studies,Bauman associated post-modernism with the social conditions of late capitalism,and formed his unique postmodern cultural critical thoughts through the analysis of globalization,consumerist culture,life and death cultural strategies and other issues.Bauman’s cultural theory has brought us enlightenment on the methodology of cultural studies,and also helped us to have a clearer understanding of social changes and people’s living conditions.More importantly,his cultural thoughts are always permeated with the humanitarian standpoint,trying to arouse people’s critical spirit and the potential of constantly surpassing.Bauman’s cultural theory also has certain limitations,especially the lack of Marxist political economy criticism method,which affects the depth of his criticism of capitalism,and it is a little weak in reality.