Translation And Introduction Of A Doll’s House And The Search For Modernity Of East Asian Intellectuals

It is an important research topic in the field of comparative literature to collate and analyze the ideological intentions and practical processes of modern literature in the East Asian countries at the In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries,the theme of A Doll’s House was introduced to East Asia and had a great impact on the literary development,play interpretation,social and cultural movements and even current political changes in the three East Asian countries,and therefore received wide attention from East Asian intellectuals.The translation activities of A Doll’s House continued until the 1940 s,and the output included translation/Indirect Translation,Adaption,Change of Genre(Novelization,Poetization,Song,etc.),Sequel,Parody,Composition,and Public erformance of Plays,and other forms of Rewriting.This shows that the literary theme of A Doll’s House has an important value for the times and is a representative source in the modernization of East Asian literature.By interpreting the translation activities of A Doll’s House in China,Japan,and Korea through the concepts of "East Asian theory" and "Traveling text" of the regionalist comparative literary research methodology,we can dig deeper into the transmission and inheritance effects of the modernization of literature and art in East Asia.The "East Asian theory" is a comparative literary research methodology that interprets modern East Asian literature through the concept of East Asian geopolitics.As a critical theory of thought,"East Asian theory" is more concerned with the "Function" of East Asia than the "S ubstance" of East Asia;it emphasizes giving the physical geography a non-physical sense of spiritual space.It emphasizes the creation of a "community of knowledge" for the three East Asian countries based on history,culture,ideology,and social life."East Asia Theory" advocates breaking away from the traditional Western-centered monolithic modernity and aims to discover the modernity of the East Asian countries themselves;at the same time,it also opposes the paradigm of overly home-centered and parochial research and seeks an inclusive "Pluralistic modernity".The term "Traveling text" means that a text is not primitive and self-contained,but will continue to multiply in meaning as it "Travels".The ideological connotations of some Western literary works have been reconstructed in East Asia,resulting in "creative misinterpretations" that are applicable to the geo-cultural reality of East Asia,which is a major manifestation of the proliferation and multiplicity of meanings of the works.In the translations of A Doll’s House in East Asia,there are differences in the connotations of modernity reflected in different texts.By examining the translators’ critical attitudes and the value orientation of the retranslation,we can explore the "Rewriting" and innovative interpretation of the original literary texts in East Asia,summarize the evolution of the typical modernization issue of "Women’s Liberation movement" in East Asia,and examine the history of East Asian intellectuals’ exploration of the dissemination of literary modernization.This will provide a multi-dimensional perspective on the theme of A Doll’s House by examining the history of East Asian intellectuals’ exploration of the modernization and dissemination of literature and art.The various translations that have appeared in East Asia are not directly translated from the original Norwegian Et Dukkehjem,but are retranslations based on English,German,Japanese and other translations,which further reveal their profound spiritual value by combining the cultural connotations of multiple languages and the creative infusion of East Asian culture.Unlike the Western countries that received A Doll’s House through public performances,most East Asian regions had not yet developed modern plays at the early stage of reception,but mainly through the introductory articles or reviews of East Asian intellectuals,thus giving rise to the East Asian "Ibsenism".It was not until around1910 that A Doll’s House began to be performed in East Asia,but the new drama was influenced by the realities of the three countries and showed a variety of developments:commercial dramas that appealed to the public,popular enlightenment dramas that emphasized the humanistic spirit of the work,political dramas and even unpublished dramas were all forms of drama in this period.With the popularity of this theme,in East Asia,topics related to "Female Liberation" and "New Femininity" received more attention than issues such as personal liberation or self-consciousness of individuality.The new women in the three East Asian countries want to become "real Nora",but they are still in a weak position in the family and social structure due to political factors and educational policies,as well as confrontation with male intellectuals who claim to be "Nora’s spokespersons".They were unable to break the reality of their oppression due to political and educational constraints and confrontation with male intellectuals who called themselves "Nora’s spokesmen".Ibsenism,as the goblet of the modernization process of East Asian literature and art,is not only regarded as the ideological basis for social reform and political change,but also interpreted in various ways,such as nationalism,modern literary thinking,individualistic spirit,subjectivist art theory,and individualism.By combining these concepts,we can further study East Asian intellectuals’ understanding and inheritance of modernity,discover how East Asian intellectuals can escape the shackles of "Western-centrism" by evaluating translations based on Western originals,and find out with what courage and determination East Asian intellectuals can open up new horizons of mutual appreciation of civilizations.This is a very meaningful issue for humanities scholarship in East Asia and the world.