The Study Of The Spring And Autumn Annals In Han Dynasty

The act of Confucius’ annotation of the "Spring and Autumn Annals" and the subsequent development of the "Spring and Autumn" studies represent the advanced thinking in pre-Qin and Han dynasty Confucianism.These studies are closely intertwined with the fluctuations in imperial power,political decision-making,and official position appointments during the Han dynasty.They formed a conceptual framework for authoritarian rule and academic norms,exerting a guiding influence on the development of imperial power and the destiny of the state during the Han dynasty.The Han dynasty’s study of the "Spring and Autumn Annals" showcased its distinctive scholarly characteristics.Through its unique sense of historical righteousness,particular modes of interpretation,and specific concepts of the royal path,it expounded upon a broad historical reality,consolidated Confucianism’s systematic understanding of the heavenly and royal ways,and demonstrated the true political ideals of Confucianism and the belief in "grand unification." This profoundly influenced the construction of the Han dynasty and subsequent dynasties’ national,ethnic,cultural,and historical perspectives.The "Spring and Autumn Annals"deduced universal political and civilizational principles from historical narratives,establishing standards for cultural thinking in later generations.It guided contemporary political operations,described the transformations of history,and played a role in promoting virtuous behavior and condemning evil in society.Emperor Wu of the Han dynasty adopted Dong Zhongshu’s cultural initiative of "excluding all schools and honoring Confucianism alone," making the "Spring and Autumn Annals"with its concise yet profound principles the core code for political decision-making in the imperial court.This marked the beginning of an era where imperial authority dominated intellectual thought and implemented cultural control.It provided an eternal model for cultural unification in later dynasties.This paper explores the development of the "Spring and Autumn Annals" study in the Han Dynasty,taking the "Zuo Zhuan" of the "Spring and Autumn" "Gongyang Zhuan" "Guliang Zhuan" as the research object.The text is mainly divided into three parts:First,the development of "Spring and Autumn Annals" in the Pre-Qin period is the introduction to explore the source of the development of "Spring and Autumn Annals" in the Han Dynasty;the second is to investigate the development,evolution,dissemination and acceptance of the "Spring and Autumn Annals" study in the Western Han Dynasty,to explore the group behavior of the scholars of the Western Han Dynasty,the established "Spring and Autumn Annals" study system and the guiding role of the different periods in the decision-making of the court;the third is to explore the development form of the "Spring and Autumn Annals" study in the Eastern Han Dynasty under the influence of divination,the competition and integration of the study of Confucian classics,the mode of the study of Confucian classics,and the interpretation of Confucian classics created by Zheng Xuan and He Xiu.Tracing back to the source,the article first discusses the classic historical text of the "Spring and Autumn" of the Pre-Qin hundred countries formed by the "going to the report and carrying the policy " of the princes.Through the writing motivation,text form and historical writing style of the "Spring and Autumn" of the Hundred Kingdoms,this paper discusses the text appearance of the basis of Confucius’s cutting"Spring and Autumn".Confucius cut history and established classics,and expressed his lifelong good governance and social ideals in the "Spring and Autumn".Whether it is the humble words of "Relating rather than Making" or the deterrent effect of"Troubled Minister Thief Fear",it has affected the text nature,teaching path,interpretation method and inheritance effect of "Spring and Autumn",so that the study of "Spring and Autumn Annals" has made great progress.The Western Han Dynasty was the establishment period of the political pattern of the dynasty,the formation period of the concept of respecting Confucianism and worshiping the classics,and the establishment period of the "Spring and Autumn Annals" doctrine as the ruling criterion.The politicization tendency of Spring and Autumn Annals" learning is obvious.After Confucianism replaced Huang-Lao learning as the ruling consciousness,"Spring and Autumn Annals" learning revolved around Liu’s orthodoxy.Scholars adhered to the view of "Hanjia Yaohou" destiny and constantly deduced that Liu’s regime had the legitimacy and legitimacy of divine right of monarchy.The rulers reconstructed the order of heaven and man and regained control of the classical discourse power.The scholars debated between "hegemony"and "kingly way" "monarchy" and "orthodoxy","technique" and "learning" in the Salt and Iron Conference and the Shiquge Conference,and discussed the important guiding role of the "Spring and Autumn Annals" concept in the political,military and ideological aspects of the court from the perspective of Confucian classics.In the early Western Han Dynasty,based on the needs of the political level,the"Gongyang biography " was the only one,and the use of the "Guliang biography" was also the characteristic of its classics.According to the "Spring and Autumn Annals"theory,Lu Jia’s "Xinyu",Jia Yi’s "Xinshu",Liu An’s "Huainanzi" and so on.Many scholars quoted the "Spring and Autumn Annals" theory to explain the strategy of national governance.Lu Jiashao described Confucius’ "Spring and Autumn Annals",followed the Confucian classics,and urged the monarch to perform benevolence and righteousness and follow the previous king.Fine "Guliang biography"and use"Gongyang biography" "Zuozhuan",pay attention to the function of etiquette in political life.Jia Yi exegeses "Zuo Zhuan"."New Book" quoted the historical experience of "Zuo Zhuan" to demonstrate the rise and fall of the dynasty with historical events,and discusses the way of governing the country for the emperor."Huainanzi" used the "Spring and Autumn Annals" theory to show the purpose of respecting the monarch,put forward the "plain king" theory,and quoted the "Spring and Autumn Annals" scriptures to show its political position.The practice of scholars’group "Spring and Autumn Annals" learning is the key to construct the whole "Spring and Autumn Annals" learning thought in Han Dynasty."Gongyang Zhuan" has the characteristics of distinguishing and judging.Dong Zhongshu’s "Spring and Autumn Annals" theory attaches importance to the exemplary role of benevolence,morality and righteousness,and believes that the core value of"Spring and Autumn Annals" theory lies in citing "Gongyang Zhuan",and puts forward the practical views of "great unification","respecting the king","governing power","heaven" and "king".From a philosophical point of view,he inherited the strong and weak branches of Jia Yi ’s idea of respecting the Son of Heaven and humble princes in the "Three Strategies of Heaven and Man",and provided Confucian orthodox theoretical support for authoritarian rule in extending the monarch and restraining the monarch."Spring and Autumn Fanlu" created a completely different mode of interpretation from the three biographies,advocating "Spring and Autumn"has no Daci,and elucidating the meaning of "Spring and Autumn" from "Changci"and "Bianci".It is an important turning point in the study of Confucian classics in the Western Han Dynasty to put forward the theory of catastrophe by combining the theory of "Spring and Autumn" with the theory of yin-yang and five elements.In the classical paradigm and historical reflection,the Confucian values of"benevolence" and "righteousness" in the Han Dynasty were shaped.Sima Qian,who was studied by Dong Zhongshu,adhered to the original purpose of Confucius’ "Spring and Autumn",and fully drew on the history and righteousness of "Spring and Autumn" and the three biographies in tidying his biography to write the Historical Records of "becoming a family".The fierce confrontation between "Gongyang Zhuan" and "Guliang Zhuan" in the Shiqu Pavilion meeting was the intensification of the contradiction between the two in politics and thought,and also an inevitable measure for the Han Dynasty to seek new theoretical support for a stable political situation.After Emperor Xuan of the Han Dynasty,the theory of disaster was flourishing,and the theory of Gongyang combined with the theory of disaster derived the theory of divination that tended to be absurd.The secretaries of Liu Xiang and Liu Xin’s proofreading contacted a large number of ancient and modern classics.Liu Xiang Zong’s "Gu Liang Zhuan" and Liu Xin Zun’s "Zuo Zhuan" led to the rise of ancient literature.The two people on the"Spring and Autumn Annals" three biographies used and somewhat biased.Liu Xiang respected the classics and maintained the orthodoxy of Liu Han.Liu Xin boldly innovated with the concept of "change",reflecting the qualitative change and rise and fall of the "Spring and Autumn Annals" study.The main characteristics of the development of the "Spring and Autumn Annals"in the Eastern Han Dynasty are the combination of scriptures,the integration of modern and ancient texts from debate and the formation of the practice of resolving scriptures through learning.The divination and divination,which is popular in the"Spring and Autumn Annals" study,has become the basic path of the "Spring and Autumn Annals" study.The study of Confucian classics promoted the breadth and depth of the "Spring and Autumn Annals" study,and the development of the "Spring and Autumn Annals"chapter study was an inevitable prerequisite for the historical status of the ancient and modern Confucian classics.The study of ancient and modern texts is one of the main characteristics of the development of Confucian classics in the Eastern Han Dynasty.Jia Kuizong’s "Zuo Zhuan" was accompanied by Chen Wei,and later generations criticized its destruction of scripture and confusion of scripture.In fact,Jia Kui’s interpretation of the three biographies reversed the concept of strict compliance with the family law,eliminated the barriers between modern and ancient texts to a certain extent,and strengthened the ideological exchange of classics.Ancient literature such as "Zuo Zhuan" has achieved great development in the efforts of Jia Kui and Ma Rong,and the study of Confucian classics has gradually merged from debate.Zheng Xuan’s annotation of the integration of ancient and modern texts reflects the rise of the fashion of resolving classics through learning.Because of his belief in divination,he quoted divination into the scriptures when annotating the "Spring and Autumn Annals" scriptures,and responded to He Xiu’s "Gongyang Moshou" Zuo’s "Guliang Feiji" by "Famoshou" "Zhengaohuang""Qiwuji",which actually promoted the innovation of the interpretation mode.He Xiu’s "Spring and Autumn Gongyang Exegesis" is the best reference for understanding the text form of "Gongyang Biography" in the Han Dynasty,and it is a general work of "Gongyang Biography" in the Han Dynasty.He Xiu annotated"Gongyang Zhuan" with "examples",narrated with allusions,and studied the close relationship between people and things.In order to improve the Han Dynasty’s"Spring and Autumn Annals" literature,this paper finally examines the "Spring and Autumn Annals" content involved in the remaining Han Dynasty stone inscriptions,in order to continue to explore the comprehensive development of "Spring and Autumn Annals" in the Han Dynasty.The study of "Spring and Autumn Annals" is not abstract knowledge,but a representation of the high integration of Confucian classics and politics,which provides clear political principles and theoretical weapons for realizing many goals such as "great unification","respecting the king and expelling the barbarians","economic power " and "great revenge".With the in-depth development of the "Spring and Autumn Annals" study,the monarch and his subjects invoked the classics to deal with various events,and the Confucianization of the political rule of the Han Dynasty became more and more obvious.The study of the "Spring and Autumn Annals" in the Han Dynasty started from the text,clarified the "Spring and Autumn Annals"Confucian classics system constructed in the practice of the group of Confucian scholars,and discussed the key role of the "Spring and Autumn Annals" in the establishment of the political pattern of the Han Dynasty,the formation of the concept of respecting Confucianism and the establishment of the ruling criteria.