Strategic Views Of Marxist Classical Writer

’Strategy’ is not only the conjunct research domains of Marxist discipline and strategic discipline,but also the research domain of Marxist strategic discipline.One of the important study fields of Marxist strategic discipline is Marxist strategic perspective.The strategic perspective of Marxist classical authors is the core part of Marxist strategic perspective.Therefore,in the discipline of Marxist strategy,to carry out the research on the strategic perspective of Marxist classical authors has become an important theoretical subject.In the study of Marx,Engels,Lenin,Stalin and Mao Zedong’s strategic perspectives,we must answer the following three important questions:First,what are the strategic perspectives of Marxist classical authors?Second,what revolutionary changes do Marxist classical authors have in their strategic perspectives?Thirdly,what methodological enlightenments do the strategic perspectives of Marxist classical authors have?In the development of Marxist strategic perspective,different classical authors have different positions and roles.Marx and Engels’ contributions are mainly manifested in two aspects.First,Marx and Engels provided the philosophical basis of dialectical materialism and the theoretical premise of historical materialism for the formation and development of the entire Marxist strategic perspective.They overcame the fundamental defects of old materialism,realized the transformation of socialism from utopia to science,and unified the identity of thinkers and revolutionaries.Secondly,Marx and Engels put forward some genius statements about the strategy and tactic of the proletariat struggle.These remarks,on the one hand,include their military-related ’strategic’ views and opinions,such as the war is the practice of the strategy of the mother,work divisions are existed between strategists and tacticians,strategy depends on the material economic conditions,the strategy of the magic lies in the concentration of forces,military strategy has political affiliations,etc..On the other hand,they study the political and economic phenomena,put forward the revolutionary theory and revolutionary strategy of unity,dialectical materialism world outlook is the theoretical premise of strategy formulation,Marx ’s historical theory is the basic condition of strategy formulation,the best strategy can be the fastest and best to achieve the goal and so on.Lenin played an important role in the development of Marxist strategic perspective.Opportunists of Second International buried Marx and Engels’ genius statements about strategy and tactics.In the struggle with the Second International opportunists,Lenin restored and developed these genius statements,and finally formed the Leninism strategy and strategic thinking.Lenin’s strategic perspective can be summarized into two aspects.First,his views on strategy and tactic connotation.Lenin regards the strategy and tactic of Marxism as the science guiding the proletarian movement,regards the party ’s strategy as the nature,direction and method of the party’s political activities,and points out that the correct strategy and tactic are of great significance to the success of the party.Second,his views on how to formulate strategies and tactics.In Lenin ’s view,the proletarian party is the main body to formulate strategies and tactics on the proletarian movement.The strategy and tactic are based on the material’s ’class affiliation comparison ’.Making correct strategies and tactics requires the vision of proletarian strategists.Strategists need to master all forms of strategy and tactics,and quickly switch to the appropriate form of strategy and tactics according to the actual situation.In formulating strategies and tactics,we should consider whether it can guide the proletariats going forward,whether it conforms to the basic characteristics of the times and whether it adapts to the differences of specific countries and specific ethnic groups.In the development of Marxist strategic perspective,Stalin’ s contribution lies in his inheritance of Marxism-Leninism strategy and tactic thought,based on the realization of the Marxism-Leninism strategy and tactic thought systematization.On the one hand,Stalin expounded the scientific connotation of the party’s strategy.These views include-first,the application scope of Marxist strategies and tactics is the subjective aspect of the labor movement.Second,Stalin put forward the concept of ’real Marxist strategy’ and its scientific connotation.Third,the strategic task is to stipulate the general path and direction that the proletarian revolutionary movement should follow.Fourth,Stalin divided the guidance of proletarian movement into four levels:strategy,tactic,slogan and instruction.Fifth,Stalin pointed out that the stability and alternation of historical periods were the premise of strategic change and strategic remain.On the other hand,he put forward a series of views on how to formulate strategies and how to conduct strategic guidance.These views include-Firstly,he put forward three general principles that should be followed by the proletarian party in formulating the strategy of the proletarian movement,that is,to adhere to the leadership of the proletariat in formulating the party’s strategy,to adhere to the interests of the international proletariat and to adhere to the scientific methods of Marxism.Secondly,he proposed four necessary conditions for proper strategic guidance:gathering the major forces to focus on the most fragile part of the enemy at the decision-making juncture;timing is important;direction is important as well;and implement proper retreat when retreat becomes the only means.Thirdly,he puts forward two necessary conditions on how to conduct correct strategic guidance.On the one hand,the form of struggle and organization most suitable for the movement at that time were put in the first place;On the other hand,find out and grasp the special links in the chain of the incident process at every given time.In the development of Marxist strategic perspective,Mao Zedong’ s contribution lies in his opening up the process of Marxism-Leninism strategic and tactic thoughts in China.Mao Zedong’s strategic perspective can be summarized into two aspects.On the one hand,his views on strategy and tactics in military practice.These views include-strategic tactics research is the law of war.Strategy and tactics are the unity of opposites.The strategic epistemology of dialectical materialism that cognition process tactics determines strategy and practice process tactics determines tactics.Strategists should focus on global and critical issues.On the other hand,his views on policies and strategies in political practice.These views include-policy is the key to transform the world.Policy and strategy are the life of the Party.Policies must be tailored to the realities and the interests of the people.In the history of strategic thought,strategic perspective can be divided into Chinese traditional strategic perspective,western world strategic perspective and Marxist strategic perspective.From the perspective of the relationship between body and its functions,the characteristics of Chinese traditional strategic perspective can be summarized as follows-taking’strategy’ as the body and ’war’ as the use.The characteristics of western world strategic perspective can be summarized as:’war’ as the body,’strategy’ as the use.In the evolution history of strategic perspective,Chinese traditional strategic perspective and foreign strategic perspective has two ’Y’ intersection.First,the translation and dissemination of the term ’strategy’ in western language has resulted in the ’Y’-type intersection of Chinese traditional strategic perspective and western world strategic perspective.Second,the traditional Chinese strategic perspective and represented by Marx,Engels,Lenin,and Stalin’s strategic perspective of the ’Y’-type intersection,namely Marxism-Leninism strategic perspective of China.Compared with the traditional Chinese strategic perspective and the western world strategic perspective,the strategic perspectives of Marxist classical authors are the strategic perspective of dialectical materialism,the strategic perspective of historical materialism,and the strategic perspective of dialectical and historical theoretical system.Therefore,the strategic perspective of Marxist classical authors have achieved revolutionary changes in philosophical basis,theoretical premise,and theoretical system.The strategic perspectives of Marxist classical authors are a scientific strategic perspective.Its scientific system has important implications.From the perspective of strategic theory,it enlightens us from the following two aspects-on the one hand,we should inherit and develop Marxist strategic thought,criticize and learn from the grand strategic thought of the western world,and excavate and regain the strategic thought of the ancient Chinese.On the other hand,it is necessary to dual-criticize the strategic theory of Marxism.That is to say,we should not only put strategy under the scrutiny and criticism of Marxism,but also put strategic philosophy under the criticism of Marxist philosophy.From the perspective of contemporary practice,it inspires usfirst,strategic issues should be paid attention to in the process of promoting the cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics.Second,the formulation of the Party’s strategy must be guided by Marxism.Third,the formulation of the party’s strategy must adhere to the people’s stand.Fourth,the formulation of a full-field strategy and the whole process of its implementation must adhere to the leadership of the Party.Fifth,a strategist as a proletariat should have a sense of division of labor between strategist and tactician and focus on the overall situation he commands and the key to that overall situation.