A Study On The Vocabulary Of Call To Arms

Classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese are two major systems of written Chinese.In ancient Chinese,classical Chinese was at the core of written Chinese.It was not until the May 4th New Culture Movement at the beginning of the last century that this situation changed completely.At the time node of May Fourth,the Chinese written language produced a significant transformation from classical to vernacular,so the language phenomenon of this period has important research value,especially in terms of vocabulary changes are most significant,worthy of wide attention.Lu Xun is the founder of modern Chinese literature,his works are regarded as a model of modern vernacular works,and is also a typical corpus for the study of early modern Chinese vocabulary.Among Lu Xun’s numerous works,Call to Arms is not only the first,but also the most valued by Lu Xun,with a circulation of well over 100,000 and a wide coverage in the textbooks of the Republic of China.It is more representative.Based on the above background,this topic chooses Lu Xun’s collection Call to Arms as the corpus of the specific book,and takes this as a cross section,taking vocabulary as the entry point,to investigate the characteristics of modern Chinese vocabulary during the May Fourth transformation period of Classical Chinese and vernacular Chinese.First of all,On the basis of word segmentation,through the establishment of the corpus of words and meanings of Call to Arms,after exhaustive statistics,we find the overall features of the words of Call to Arms.First,in terms of lexical attributes,it is in the early modern Chinese stage,there are still ancient Chinese words left over,not pure modern Chinese words.There are a small number of ancient Chinese words in the Call to Arm.s.Some of these words are no longer words in Modern Chinese,but are monosyllabic morphemes.Some of the classical Chinese colored words have been replaced by vernacular new words.Second,in terms of the distribution of word classes,the characteristics of word frequency and morphology,there is a high similarity between the words of Call to Arms and modern Chinese words in terms of the distribution of word classes and the characteristics of word frequency.There are 58 word variants and 20 reverse words,which reflect the problems existing in the formalization of early modern Chinese words.Third,in terms of syllable characteristics,most of the most frequent words in Call to Arms are monosyllabic words,most of which are basic words inherited from us,but the trend of polyphonic words is obvious,and the general words are disyllabic words.Many single and disyllabic synonyms are used alternately,among which some disyllabic vernacular words are already in the ascendant,while some are just beginning to be used with a low frequency.It can be seen that modern Chinese is dominated by disyllabic words.Secondly,the use of special words concentrates on Lu Xun’s vocabulary concept of constructing modern vernacular Chinese,and it is also the expression of Lu Xun’s literary personality.This topic focuses on the study of special words.After repeated verification,discrimination and exhaustive statistics,we divide the special words in Call to Arms into new quality words and old quality words from the perspective of source attribute,and discuss the definition of their concepts,source distribution,syllable characteristics,word formation characteristics,word formation motivation,semantic types,and the mechanism of neologism and neologism generation.By integrating language studies with literature studies,this paper discusses the influence of the use of special words in Call to Arms on Lu Xun’s style of writing from the perspective of vocabulary,one of the elements of language style formation.The first type of foreign words and newly created words are full of the flavor of The Times.When used in his works,they can describe new things and new concepts,express new thoughts and new concepts,increase the color of The Times and foreign colors in his works,and make Lu Xun’s style fresh and exotic.Especially the Japanese loanwords in this period had a very important influence on the new Chinese vocabulary.The second type of regional dialect words and common sayings are living languages derived from the public,showing local color and folk wisdom,oral color and popularity,making Lu Xun’s style vivid and plain.The third type of archaic words and idioms are written words from ancient Chinese,which are suitable for written style and artistic color,making Lu Xun’s style elegant,solemn,ironic and humorous.Finally,through the analysis of the situation in which the words of Call to Arms have entered Modern Chinese,we find that most of the words of it have entered Modern Chinese,of which 28.9%have entered modern Chinese common words,accounting for 55%of the number of words in the common words list.This not only shows that the words of Call to Arms in general show the nature of modern Chinese words.But also reflects the stability of Chinese vocabulary,these common words are the main body of Modern Chinese basic vocabulary.The identity of basic words and general words in Call to Arms has both stability and variation mechanism.More than 400 basic words of it have entered modern Chinese common words,and more than 70 have become general words.There are 119 special words in the general vocabulary of Call to Arms that have entered modern common words,and more than 80%of the special words have entered modern Chinese.Other general words are mostly inherited words,indicating that there are many commonalities between the early modern Chinese words in Call to Arms and modern Chinese.However,due to the change of usage degree,the identity and nature of words have also changed a lot over the decades.There are certain differences.In addition,the compilation of dictionaries plays an extremely important role in the inheritance,development and evolution of vocabulary.The Great Chinese Dictionary is the most authoritative large Chinese reference book at present,and it attaches great importance to the exemplary character of documentary evidence.Lu Xun’s works are famous for their classic and far-reaching dissemination power,so they are widely cited by The Great Chinese Dictionary.We take the words of Call to Arms as an example to observe the influence of the words of Lu Xun’s works.We find that 218 words of Call to Arms in the corresponding entries of The Great Chinese Dictionary use cases of Lu Xun’s works as the first documentary evidence,and 541 words take Lu Xun’s works as non-first documentary evidence.The documentary evidence of Lu Xun’s works plays a very important and positive role in the compilation of The Great Chinese Dictionary,and has an important influence on the citation entries of The Great Modern Chinese Dictionary,so that Chinese words can continue to inherit and develop in the inheritance.