The Study On The Ci Poets Group Of The Qing Loyalists

China was conservative and backward in modern times,it was frequently bullied by foreign invaders.Chinese society urgently needs to find a way to lead China out of its predicament,from the 1898 Reform and Westernization Movement to the New Deal in the late Qing Dynasty,although all kinds of reform failed in the end,however,through the ideological enlightenment movement again and again,the national character of China has quietly changed,the people’s hearts tend to be republican,and the democratic republican system has become the hope of the Chinese people in difficulties.Therefore,the traditional concept of justice of "three Cardinal Principles and Five Chang" and "great justice of Emperor and subject" adhered to by the Qing loyalists lost the historical soil for survival.The Qing loyalists was also criticized for being conservative and not cooperating with the Republic of China.Looking back at this particular group over a hundred years ago,we certainly have no intention of reversing their case.However,the emergence of this group contains profound historical and cultural deposits,and its literary activities,especially Ci activities,in the history of Chinese literature status and influence,still worthy of our deep thinking.This paper attempts to examine the Ci study activities of the Qing loyalists from the perspective of the history of modern literature and culture,and through the creation of Ci study,to explore the complex and changing political and literary ecology of the Qing Dynasty.The framework of this paper mainly includes the introduction and four chapters of the body,which are described as follows:The introduction frames the scope of the research object.This paper probes into the academic value of the study on the group of Qing Dynasty poets from the perspectives of the history of the hundred years of Ci,the history of the poet’s poetry,the history of Ci studies,and the history of literature.From the diachronic point of view,Qing Dynasty Ci inherited the history of thousands of years of Ci,is a continuation of the history of Ci since the Song,Yuan and Ming Dynasties.From the synchrony point of view,the Ci poets group of the Qing loyalists is an important creation group in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.This group has existed for decades,has a large number of people,a wide distribution,frequent activities and a profound influence.The first chapter,by comparing the attitudes of the f the Qing loyalists and the new writers to outline the semantic reference of the term "Yi Lao" in the early years of the Republic of China.Starting from the special social and political environment and ideological cultural atmosphere of "New trend" and "Worship of the west" during the Qing Dynasty,this paper explains the political and ethical dilemma faced by the the Qing loyalists,in connection with the "great justice of Emperor and subject" and "racial discrimination" in history,and deeply analyzes the historical and practical reasons why the Qing loyalists were criticized and called "Yilao Yishao".At the same time,taking Liu Chenggan’s Poems of Qing Dynasty and Jin Liang’s Qing History Draft as examples to explain the concept of Qing Dynasty in the eyes of Qing Dynasty and the particularity of the concept,so as to deepen the understanding of the diversity and complexity of the Qing loyalists.On this basis,according to the decreasing degree of radical political attitude,the Qing loyalists were divided into the following three different types,they are the die-hards who "take the Republic of China as the enemy country",the moderate " who refused to take an official post in the new dynasty" and "between the office and seclusion".It will be used as the basis of the following three chapters to divide the group of the Qing loyalists poets.The third section discusses the change of the relationship between the the Qing loyalists and Yuan Shikai.At the same time,the Qing loyalists used to sell their paintings and calligraphy for a living were discussed in detail,it is expected to study the political state and living state of the Qing loyalists from all angles.The second to the fourth chapter divides the group of Ci writers of the Qing loyalists into the group of "the die-hards" "the moderate " and "between the office and seclusion",at the same time,the general situation,representative poets and historical influence of various ci writers groups are discussed in chapters.The Qing loyalists have experienced the important historical events,such as the Sino-Japanese War of1892-1895,the Gengzi Incident and the Revolution of 1911,the Qing loyalists poets dared to "choose a big topic and make a great significance" in their creations.Their works have the characteristics of "Ci history",and there are a large number of works with extraordinary artistic achievements,and they have made great achievements in Ci studies that cannot be ignored.The first group who "take the Republic of China as the enemy country" refer to the people that participated in the "Gui Chou restoration" "Manchukoku",most of them are politically radical,to restore the Qing room as a duty,the representatives include Chen Zengshou,Shen Zengzhi,Lao Nai Xuan,Liang Dingfen,Zhu Zumou and Kuang Zhou Yi did not directly involved in the restoration,but they are more concerned about the restoration,and they are loyal to the qing dynasty,so they should also belong to this group.This chapter tries to focus on showing the collective mood of this group with radical political attitude in the great turmoil and great changes in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.Compared with the radicals,the moderates are more moderate in their political attitude.They are attached to the Qing Dynasty in their emotional affiliation,and have no less thoughts of the old country in their hearts than the radicals.They were not keen on restoration.After the revolution,they concentrated on writing,or devoted themselves to education,or hidden in medicine,hidden in agriculture.But they are not isolated from the world,most of them are "left behind",even if secluded in the countryside,also do not forget the "literati and officialdom(in feudal China)" responsibility and responsibility.The representatives include Zhao Xi,Feng Xu,Chen Rongchang,Wei Yuankuang,Wei Yuandai,Wang Zhaoyong,Qian Zhenhuang,and so on.At the same time,the group of Canghai Yi Yin Collection collected by Zhu Zumou during his lifetime can not be ignored,the representatives include Zeng Xijing,Cao Yuanzhong,Feng Jian,Mai Menghua and other 11 people,they are all former friends of Zhu Zumou,who ceased to govern after the country changed.The group "between the office and seclusion" is of particular concern.The political attitudes of them were vacillating between the Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China.The "heart" and "trace" show an apparent contradiction,the emotional affiliation is loyal to Qing dynasty,or more inclined to Qing dynasty,but for a variety of reasons to participate in the government of the Republic of China,in terms of traces betrayed Qing,is not in line with the traditional concept of the adherents of a former dynasty.But in fact,no matter in the context of that time or in the modern academic research,they did not criticize the behavior of these people too much,but they were still regarded as "an official who retains his position after capitulating to the new dynasty",or they still claimed to be the Qing loyalists.This group should cover two categories of the Qing loyalists.First,the "Qing History museum Ci crowd" who participated in the compilation of Qing History Manuscript with the original intention of "repairing history to benefit the oid country".It took more than ten years to compile the Qing History Draft.A large number of survivors and former ministers gathered in the capital,and the famous places in China were located under the capital.It formed the community of Liao Yuan and other literary societies.It sang poems and wine together and frequently collected poems.It recorded the complex mood during the period of history with Ci,which objectively promoted the development of art and literature activities of the capital.This section analyzes the motives of the Qing loyalists,discusses the ecology and mentality of the Qing loyalists,during the period of history cultivation,the singing around Yu Yemei of the Qing History Museum,and the community of Liao Yuan established during the period of history cultivation.Second,in addition to the Qing Dynasty museum CI crowd,should also include those who have been elected in the Republic of China,but still have a loyal attitude towards the Qing Dynasty.Such as Guo Zeyun,Yang Shounan.To them,they have been in fact in the Republic of China,but always to preserve the Qing room for the job,did not show excessive revolutionary behavior.As far as his heart is concerned,his love for the old country is clearly visible,so he is regarded as "the Qing loyalists.",which shows the complexity and diversity of the the Qing loyalists.In addition,the wind of association in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China was very strong.The large scale,the large number and the long duration of the association were never seen in the past dynasties.Taking the communty of Xu She,to discuss the origin of association,theme of association and political nature in detail,in order to see the association of the Qing loyalists.The conclusion part summarizes the artistic achievements,historical status and unique value of Ci poets.As a special group and a special cultural phenomenon,the existence of Qing Dynasty poet has its irreplaceable cultural value and literary history significance.