A New Study Of The Confucian Classics Of Current And Ancient Chinese Character In The Han Dynasty

The Confucian classics of the Han Dynasty,which centered on the Confucian Classics of Current and Ancient Chinese Character,had a fundamental impact on Chinese academic and culture.Since modern times,scholars have made a large number of systematic theories concerning the standpoint of the portal of classics and the doubts about the ancients and the fakes about the Confucian Classics of Current and Ancient Chinese Character of the Han Dynasty.However,their views diverge considerably,and even overstated and biased.Since then,scholars gradually became impartial and fair.But,due to the changes in focus on academic issues,the study was soon depressed.Relevant researches which continue to emerge later show great differences between each other,so that it is necessary to make systematical analysis on them.In addition,the discovery of a large number of ancient texts and materials in the Warring States period has brought an opportunity to re-examine the Confucian Classics of Current and Ancient Chinese Character in Han Dynasty.And the nature of the so-called Guwen and the texts of Ancient Chinese Character can also be more accurately understood at that time.The Five Classics of the Western Han Dynasty emerged again in the world,and they were gradually highly praised by the government.For political needs and ideal purposes,Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established five classics doctorates as official scholars.After King Lu Gong destroyed Confucius’ s house,he found the ancient scriptures in the wall,and the scriptures written in the popular language were called“Jinwen”.But at that time,the ancient and modern schools had not yet confronted each other,only official and private studies were divided,so that the characteristics between Classics and biographies were still in a flowing state.During era of emperor Xuan,the pattern of “Jinwen” doctoral official education was basically formed.There after,there was only a slight increase and loss.The Confucian Classics of Ancient Chinese originated from the discovery of the ancient texts of Kongbi and the searching for old books of ancient texts by King Xian of Hejian.However,at that time,it was mainly a private study,so it is no inherent logical connection with the establishment of Classics of Ancient Chinese.At the time of emperor Cheng,Liu Xin saw the ancient Chinese Zuo Shi Chunqiu because of his secretary.Therefore,after emperor Ai ascended to the throne,he wanted to set up Zuo Shi Chunqiu,Mao Shi,Yi Li and Gu Wen Shangshu official scholars,and initially conceived the ancient literary classics system.During the reign of emperor Ping,Wang Mang ruled and formally established the four classics of ancient Chinese as a scholar.Zhou Guan helped Wang Mang usurp power,so it was also honored as an official scholar when he was regent.It was formally incorporated into the five classics system,and the school of ancient Chinese classics was really established.In the Guangwu period,because of Wang Mang,all the ancient Classics of official scholars should be deposed in principle,but Zuo Zhuan may be temporarily appointed as an official scholar because it takes into account the wishes of military heroes after many debates.And at that time,Fei’s book of changes was still a private school.Later,because ancient scholars had been learning it for a long time,it was gradually incorporated into the ancient literary classics system,and the deficiency of the five classics was completed.As for the entanglement between Jinwen and Guwen Classics,we should firstly distinguish their names and laterly realities from the three levels of words,texts and schools.The original of Jinwen is Guwen,and the original of Guwen is also transcribed into Jinwen.However,the two schools of Jinwen and Guwen are not derived from the corresponding texts,but have great fluidity and contingency.Now there are several debates between the two schools of Classics.This is not the strict opposition of all Classics,but there are similarities and differences within each other.There is also a lot of room for research on the texts and academic features of Jinwen and Guwen’s Classics.After a systematic investigation of the structure of the preface to Mao Shi Xu and its relationship with Mao Zhuang,it should be known as being divided into two parts: the Ancient Preface and the Continued Preface,and the latter was written after Mao Zhuan.The book of the later Han Dynasty commented on Mao Shi Xu written by Wei Hong that “it is good to get Feng and Ya”.It seems that Wei Hong is the author of Continued Preface by comparing the poetic purports explained in Continued Preface and Mao Zhuang and combining his academic origins.Shu Xu is actually based on the ancient writings on the wall of Confucius,and the preface of Jinwen could be that when Ni Kuan learned from Kong Anguo,he took the relevant parts of Jinwen,and it was also placed at the end of Shang Shu and spread,and was included in the Han Shi Jing.To the ancient Shang Shu excavated by the walls of Confucius,according to the relevant Guwen contained in Shuo Wen and the trisomy Shi Jing,and using Qinghua Jian of Bao Xun training as a reference,we can confirm the properties of their Qilu literalness.There is also the phenomenon of surviving ancient bodies in the words of ancient Shang Shu.Many of the word habits of Wuwe Han Jian of Yi Li coincided with the passage text at that time,and it was,in turn,taught to the literature students of countries,should belong to Jinwen dissimilary edition undoubtedly.The catalog order is relatively similar to that of Hou Cang classical texts.Taking an examination of propositions such as King of Su or revolution,etc.on the academic features of Jinwen and Guwen,it is clear that Jinwen West Han Qixue is much more obtained from Mengzi.Ruxue is much more pure,both the learned or treated forms have considerable affinities with Guwen Classics.However,Jinwen classical study has a distinctive language.It prefer the rhetorical approach of harmonizing doublets,and its interpretation is also often non-theoretical,in order to promote and link Classics’ passages.The burial age of the books in the walls of Confucius is about between Lu Lan(B.C.239)and the incineration of Qin(B.C.213).From the book collection theory and Liu Xin’s writings,it can be deduced that there is Chun Qiu in Confucius’ wall.In addition,chapters and sentences have gradually evolved from the initial punctuation symbols into an explanatory style.And it was established as an officially designated form of Classics interpretation during emperor Xuan’s reign,and then its application scope was widened.Although the two schools of the Confucian Classics of Current and Ancient Chinese Characters are not strictly antagonistic to each other,systematic differences can also be found.In terms of character,the two no longer shows simply diachronic distinction,but a rheological state.In terms of text,similarities and differences such as article number and “chapters and sentences” can be found between the two schools.The fundamental differences between the two schools of the Confucian Classics of Current and Ancient Chinese Character lies in the institution system and ideological propositions in texts and theories of classics.However,this so-called difference has its limits.Part of the theories of two schools are based on the same classics so that they are naturally quite similar.