Being And Method:A Study Of Heidegger’s Hermeneutics Of Facticity Under The Dual Horizons

The importance of hermeneutics of facticity is multi-dimensional.From the time point of view,this is the formation period of Heidegger’s thought;from the method point of view,his phenomenological method was formed at this time.From the perspective of the history of hermeneutics,,hermeneutics of facticity opened the turn from methodological hermeneutics to ontological hermeneutics.Its influence not only lies in the turn itself,but also laid a tone for the formation of a debate between ontology and methodology for the development of subsequent hermeneutics.Starting from Schleiermacher’s creation of general hermeneutics and laying the methodological foundation of hermeneutics,and under Dilthey’s development and inheritance,this methodological inquiry has been extended to the entire field of humanities,and methodological hermeneutics has become the dominant one.And Heidegger’s practical hermeneutics takes the phenomenon of "understanding" as the fundamental prerequisite for the existence of Dasein,and thus opens up the practice of questioning the meaning of Being,making hermeneutics itself a necessary link in the inquiry into the problem of Being,which is the ontological turn of hermeneutics.But as far as hermeneutics of facticity is concerned,its production is first given a methodological identity.This stems from the revelation of factical life.There are two reasons for the attention paid to factical life: First,from a methodological point of view,Heidegger’s exploration of primitive science,that is,philosophy,expands the problem to the field of experience in factical life.The grasp of this field is The fundamental concern of primitive science.The question of how to establish a primitive science(or "experienced science")established the status of phenomenology as a methodology,and the "hermeneutic intuition" that understands the fundamental method of factical life first appeared here.This intuitive method is to directly grasp the life experience and walk with it.In contrast to the theoretical method,it is no longer opposed to subject and object,but a method of directly appropriating life experience through explanatory understanding.Second,from the perspective of motivation,many characteristics of real life have laid the foundation for hermeneutics and ontology.However,the methodological dimension cannot be ignored as the question of Being arise.As far as the latter is concerned,the method of understanding factical life becomes the method of appropriating the "pre-structure" of hermeneutics.The so-called "pre-structure" firstly refers to factical life in the field of vision.From the structural point of view,there are two kinds of "pre-structure" : In hermeneutics,the "pre-structure" is the definition of the pre-appropriated situation(explained state)of interpretation.In the question of Being,the "pre-structure" is the "pre-comprehension" of the meaning of Being.From the latter perspective,Heidegger also understands the interpretation as understanding the formation of itself,that is,there is a structural overlap between the situation of facticity and the understanding,and this level of overlap makes the hermeneutic situation as a "vision point" that has been pre-appropriated to pre-understanding which must be appropriated by understanding the problem of Being.This is the process of Heidegger’s "facticity" evolving to "Dasein" and the process of hermeneutics of facticity to fundamental ontology.The purpose of this research is to reveal the dimension of Heidegger’s methodology of hermeneutics of facticity as an ontology.So in terms of structure,it is divided into two parts.The first part is to clarify the relationship between hermeneutics of facticty and ontology.There are two tasks: First,starting from revealing the characteristics of real life,determine the concept of facticity and its rich meaning.This revelation focuses on the relationship between facticity and factical life itself,and reveals factical life as the fundamental motivation of problem of Being.Second,clarify why hermeneutics of facticity is ontology.This clarification is to reveal the essential connection between hermeneutics of facticity and ontology.The second part is to clarify the relationship between hermeneutics of facticity and methodology.There are two tasks: First,based on the criticism of metaphysical methods,reveal Heidegger’s new definition of method—phenomenology.Second,a complete presentation of phenomenological methods.Including the unification of the different expressions of phenomenology at different stages and levels(including method and content);and bringing this unification into a common field of vision:hermeneutics of facticity.In other words,the task is to discover the factors of hermeneutics of facticity from the methods of phenomenology,and in turn discover the methods of phenomenology from hermeneutics of facticity.As a result,a situation in which hermeneutics of facticity is used as a phenomenological methodology is presented.Through the four tasks in the above two parts,the final task that the article attempts to accomplish is: First,fully clarify the hermeneutics of facticity itself from the perspective of ontology and methodology.Second,the two domains of ontology and methodology are communicated in the sense of hermeneutics of facticity.This clarification and communication led to the following two conclusions: First,any intention to unilaterally understand hermeneutics of facticity from ontology or methodology cannot be successful.Second,the opposition between ontology and methodology caused by the so-called hermeneutic turn does not exist in Heidegger.He just made methodological ontology or methodological ontology,the two are inseparably unified in hermeneutics of facticity.This not only means that Heidegger has a new definition of ontology,but also means that he has a new definition of methodology.In this regard,we can of course raise many questions about hermeneutics of facticity,but the key to the problem is probably to put practical hermeneutics back to its proper position,that is,rather than saying that hermeneutics of facticity ignores methodology,it is better to say that it does not intend to do so.Its real task is to explore a primitive science from the very beginning,namely philosophy.Therefore,hermeneutics of facticity is actually a methodology of meta-philosophy that explores "what is philosophy?" From the initial phenomenological method to the final fundamental ontology,it is not concerned with the conflict between simple methodology and ontology,but a new problem that unifies phenomenology(methodology),ontology(Dasein analysis),hermeneutics and even philosophy.The new problem that arises.This question opened up Heidegger’s new understanding of method,which basically excluded the empirical method of natural science derived from metaphysics.