Semantic Classification And Relevant Research On Lizu Oracle Bones

Since the discovery of the tomb of Fuhao(妇好)at the end of the 1970s,the inscriptions on bones of Lizu(历组)has been becoming the central issue of oracle bones inscriptions.Meanwhile,the Theory of Two Systems(两系说)was also mentioned along with Lizu.In addition,the digitalization of the study on ancient Chinese characters has been continuously promoted,and the construction of platforms has been more and more in-depth.The more important point in the study of oracle bones is the annotation and study of thesaurus.This paper is based on the semantic annotation of almanac and carries out relevant research on this basis.The introduction first summarizes the former research of the above two aspects.In terms of the inscriptions on bones of the Lizu,the paper emphasized the main points of views on both sides in the debate of the age of divination.In terms of the righteous class annotation,this paper mainly introduces the theoretical sources and semantic classification of unearthed literature.The paper also focuses on the formation and improvement of the semantic classification framework,as well as the evaluation of this framework.This part also briefly introduces the basic work and methods of semantic classification annotation.This paper consists of two parts.The first part is the arrangement and marking of materials.The first chapter is the interpretation and revision of the inscriptions on bones of the Lizu.This chapter examines and revises the inscriptions of the Lizu in the book named General edition of oracle bone inscriptions(甲骨文校释总集).In addition to character-for-character visual inspection,the main method is to make interpretation correction by referring to the old rubbings or photographs.The article revises about 114 commentaries and some errors in the publication of the book.In addition,the two false patches and two duplicate slices found in the arrangement of Lizu are discussed briefly.The second chapter is the “Semantic Frequency Dictionary of Lizu Divination”.The article presented a character table containing all the characters in the Lizu according to the oracle meaning classification framework.The frequency dictionary takes 46 tertiary thesauruses as its class,and takes the words contained under each thesaurus as its object,listing all the example sources and font types in sentences.This dictionary can also be regarded as a kind of "aggregate " of Lizu divination.The following part mainly discusses the related issues by using thesaurus annotation results.The third chapter is the semantic analysis of Lizu divination.Based on annotated data,the first section describes li group divination from a semantic perspective,mainly including the high frequency characters and low frequency characters,the distribution of high frequency thesaurus and discourse hotspots.The second section is based on the hot spot analysis of 46 thesauruses.The paper presented the basic data of each third-level thesaurus,analyzing the high-frequency characters under each thesaurus and their causes,and finally explain the discourse hot spots and blind spots of the group.In the third section summarized the characteristics of discourse hot spots.For example,fixed words and divination themes can become hot topics.Divination themes can only become hot topics if they are the concerns of the king of Shang dynasty.Function word class exists discourse hot spot because language must function word,indispensable.The fourth chapter is a general comparison of thesaurus between the Lizu and the Non-King inscriptions(非王卜辞).This chapter gives a brief introduction to the thesaurus comparison results of excavated documents,and then divides them into eight categories.Taking the data differences of 46 third-level thesaurus categories as the starting point,the paper also analyzed the specific situation of the differences and the reasons for the differences.The main points of view including the Lizu reflects that the king pays more attention to the expedition,farming,harvest and related weather conditions,while the"Non-King"pays more attention to the body health of the divination subject and the types of sacrifice and the specifications of sacrifice,etc.The main reason for the difference between the Lizu and the Non-King inscription lies in the difference between the two divination subjects named"King"and"Non-King".Finally,the paper summarized the differences between them from the perspective of thesaurus,and pointed out that there was not necessarily different divination institutions in the Shang dynasty,but rather a flexible division of labor between the soothsayer and the copyist.Chapter five consists of two topics.In the first section,the article maily discovered the difference of Lizu and Binzu on the bones of“Fu-Yi”(父乙),and considered that the reason of the differences may be because there was at least two parts of diviner(贞人).In the second section,based on the disscussion in chapter four and five,the paper discussed and summarized that diviner in Lizu maybe had been going on a punitive expedition with the army.To prove the point above,the paper provided a list of five evidence,and reaffirmed the view that diviner of Lizu has a perticula mission different form the divination people of Binzu and Non-King bones.In the final part,the article introduces some shortcomings and prospects of semantic arrangement.