A Study On Ji Prose Related To Public Charity In The Southern Song Dynasty

Under the joint influence of official measures to help the poor,imperial examinations,religious beliefs,localization of scholars and Neo-Confucianism,a large number of public welfare activities such as disaster relief,poverty relief,build a school,give financial aid to students,building bridges,setting up shrines,etc.emerged in the Southern Song Dynasty,such as Shecang,pharmacy,nursing house,Anjiyuan,government schools,academies,Gongshizhuang,land property of school,bridges,temple,ancestral temple and Louzeyuan.Correspondingly,the Ji prose related to public charity,a practical Ji prose which created to record the creation of public welfare facilities,has flourished.There are 1,147 Ji prose related to public charity in the Southern Song Dynasty,accounting for about one-seventh of the total number of Ji prose in the Southern Song Dynasty.They are considerable in quantity,rich in content and inclusive of creative groups,and their contents are helpful to understand the characteristics of the times and spiritual outlook of the Southern Song Dynasty society,which deserves our attention.There are 137 existing bridge Ji prose in the Southern Song Dynasty,which is more than twice the total number of all bridge Ji prose from Han Dynasty to Northern Song Dynasty.Because of the need of disaster relief,the influence of the concept of Gongxing and Fuye,and the promotion of literati and officialdom,the bridge construction in the Southern Song Dynasty flourished,and the creation of Bridge Ji prose flourished.The advantages and disadvantages of bridge construction in the Southern Song Dynasty are embodied in two aspects:"Bingmin" and "convenient people".In order to demonstrate the necessity and justice of bridge construction,the bridge Ji prose often chooses to show the "reasonable" reasons for bridge construction,clear process of bridge construction,"The act of donating enthusiastically" and people’s "joy".There are four main changes in the writing of Bridge Ji prose in the Southern Song Dynasty.First,the choice of words and phrases is influenced by Confucianism.Second,the stylistic function enhances the criticism while maintaining the true nature of praising beauty;Third,the description tends to be more refined and more literary;Fourth,to publicize "righteousness" in narration and discussion,and to be keen on promoting "righteousness".The emergence of the new writing changes of Bridge Ji prose in the Southern Song Dynasty is not only related to the natural law of stylistic evolution,but also to the special influence of the times.Among them,the times characteristics of bridge construction activities in the Southern Song Dynasty are the factors that need special attention.There are 342 the Ji Prose of school in the Southern Song Dynasty,and the total number and frequency of their creations are far higher than those in the Northern Song Dynasty.With the active promotion of scholars,businessmen,farmers,monks and other "benevolent people",the school construction in the Southern Song Dynasty ushered in the peak period,and the creation of the Ji Prose of school flourished accordingly.The Ji Prose of school in the Southern Song Dynasty paid attention to a comprehensive description of public welfare Building school activities,showing many details.Moreover,from the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty,because the public welfare Building school activities changed from the policy Building school movement to the spontaneous public welfare behavior,the detailed records in the Ji Prose of school in the Southern Song Dynasty of the public welfare Building school activities became more conscious and active.Neo-Confucianism is a special group in the creation of the Ji Prose of school in the Southern Song Dynasty.Its attitude of supporting but worrying about public welfare Building school activities makes its the Ji Prose of school unique in the choice of writing content,and finally forms the writing characteristics of vehemently criticizing the Disadvantage of Today’s learning atmosphere,solemnly affirming the original intention of building school and Seriously admonishing the method of learning.There are 71 existing the Academy Ji Prose in the Southern Song Dynasty,which is more than six times that of the Northern Song Dynasty.The Southern Song Academy is inseparable from the Southern Song Academy Ji Prose.The type,function,nature,purpose for construction and reasons for prosperity of the Southern Song Academy determine the naming method,content selection,emotional expression,author composition and time and space distribution of the Academy Ji Prose.From the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty,the evolution of the Academy Ji Prose changed from the intention of documentary record to in order to elucidate view,the reason for it is that the changes of relationship between official studies and academies,the influence of imperial examinations,the infiltration of party disputes and the development of Neo-Confucianism.The attachment and practical character of the Southern Song Dynasty Academy Ji Prose deeply influenced the stylistic features and creative paradigm of the Southern Song Dynasty Academy Ji Prose.The creation of Academy Ji Prose in the Southern Song Dynasty is deeply influenced by the Ji Prose of school in the Song Dynasty,which has the institutional characteristics of stable form,fair discussion and ancient style of writing.However,the differences in content selection,writing strategies and emotional tone ultimately determine the distinction between Academy Ji Prose and Ji Prose of school,which have their own boundaries,and can not be confused with Ji Prose of school.Scholar-officials and Neo-Confucians constitute two groups in the creation of the Southern Song Dynasty Academy Ji Prose.Correspondingly,the Southern Song Dynasty Academy Ji Prose also have two different creative paradigms.One is the academy Ji Prose of Scholar-officials,which generally takes narration as the main body,objectively records the beginning and end of the construction of the academy and its composition,and focuses on record all the details;One is the Neo-Confucians’ Academy Ji Prose,which mainly focuses on the great significance of the Academy,such as its original purpose,learning method,and Inheritance pedigree of neo-confucianism,that is,the so-called "Record the main".The rise of the Academy Ji Prose in the Southern Song Dynasty and the formation of its characteristic features are not only the product of the evolution of the style itself,but also the result of social and cultural influences such as Shangyi’s fashion,imperial examinations and Neo-Confucianism.There are 274 existing Ji Prose of public welfare temples in the Southern Song Dynasty,including the Ji Prose of temples in school and the Ji Prose of temples of gods.The Ji Prose of temples in school is a kind of Prose closely related to school education.The creation of the Ji Prose of temples in school is mainly influenced by the movement of building school,and the stage characteristics of its creation are basically adapted to the stage characteristics of building school in the Southern Song Dynasty.In addition,the creation of the Ji Prose of temples in school has an important relationship with Neo-Confucianism,who often actively contribute to the construction of temples in school.The Ji Prose of temples in school usually create large number and faster in the period when Neo-Confucianism is active.The new changes in the writing mode of the Ji Prose of temples in school in Southern Song Dynasty are as follows:self-written Ji Prose of temples in school,Ji Prose of temples in school created for the temple which is created in memory of many people,and Ji Prose of temples in school created specially for students.The new changes in writing content mainly include the new contents of narrate Confucian inheritance,the new contents of"Discuss learning" and the new contents of "criticism".The Ji Prose of temple of gods is a kind of Prose closely related to supernatural deeds.The creation of the Ji Prose of temple of gods in the Southern Song Dynasty can be divided into three stages:the development period from Gaozong Dynasty to Xiaozong Dynasty,the peak period from Guangzong Dynasty to Lizong Dynasty,and the decline period from Duzong Dynasty to Duanzong Dynasty.Because of the different objects of expression,the writing modes of the Ji Prose of temple of gods in the Southern Song Dynasty have their own emphases and personalized forms of expression,which can only be roughly divided into three categories:the Ji Prose of temple related to mountain deity and water deity,the Ji Prose of temple related to dragons and gods,and the Ji Prose of temple related to Renwushen.Generally speaking,the writing content of the Ji Prose of temple of gods in the Southern Song Dynasty is mainly characterized by being dedicated to recording the construction information in detail,especially the amount of labor costs,sources of funds,names and divisions of helpers,being dedicated to recording miraculous deeds,advocating textual research,and discussing the relationship between gods and people.The existing number of "Yicang" Ji Prose in the Southern Song Dynasty is 67,67 times that of the Northern Song Dynasty."Yicang"and "Yicang"Ji Prose are inseparable.The function and nature of "Yicang" in the Southern Song dynasty influenced the content selection of "Yicang" Ji Prose,The former’s unique development history profoundly affected the generic features,development stage and geographic distribution of the latter.The characteristics of"Yicang" Ji Prose that were stressing discussion,praising achievements and containing exhortation and advice had basically taken shape in the Southern Song dynasty.Compared with storehouse Ji Prose,"Yicang" Ji Prose at that time emphasized more on discussion and events themselves rather than details,and were of much more Confucianism,and its literariness and diversity of style were more prominent.In addition,the Ji Prose of public welfare fields,public welfare villages,Yiyi,porridge bureau,caring for children bureau,nursing home,pharmacy bureau,Yangjiyuan,and Louzeyuan are closely related to the public welfare activities in the Southern Song Dynasty,such as helping students,caring for children,respecting the elderly,treating diseases,helping the poor,Burying the dead,and so on,which can reflect the pulse of the times and mental outlook of the Southern Song society,has high stylistic research value and should also be paid attention to.