| The Bank of Taiwan(BOT)was an important fulcrum of Japan’s financial aggression against China in modern times,and it was also the core financial tool of Japan’s "Southward strategy" in East Asia.As one of the two major policies of Japan in East Asia,which coexist with" North-aggression ",the" South-aggression" once set off a boom in Japan after Japan’s separatist rule of Taiwan in 1895.With Taiwan becoming a "south base",in order to strengthen the colonial rule and development of Taiwan and promote Japan’s colonial expansion to South China,the Japanese government officially established the Taiwan Bank in Taipei in September 1899.Since its establishment,under the leadership of successive presidents represented by Kazuyoshi Yagyu,the BOT has made " South-aggression " its own mission.It took Taiwan as its base and springboard,and cooperated with Taiwan’s "cross-shore policy"of the Governor’s Office,has continuously expanded its financial network into the mainland,and has established branches in Xiamen,Hongkong,Fuzhou,Shantou,Canton,Shanghai,Jiujiang,Hankow and so on,and has built a vast financial network in southern China.At the same time,it infiltrated China by issuing currency,absorbing deposits,making loans and operating exchange operations and other businesses,and promoted the expansion of Japanese business rights in China by means of financial support,trying to seize China’s financial sovereignty and realize the colonial banking of China.The "financial southward movement" of the BOT played an important role in the policy of Japan’s southward movement in modern times,especially during the first World War,which laid a sufficient foundation for Japan’s "economic southward movement"and played the role of financial vanguard.However,the Japanese government has long regarded " North-aggression " as its national policy,which makes the expansion of the BOT in South China and Nanyang deviate from the national policy.Therefore,it was difficult to get the policy support of the Ministry of Finance,which made it have a strong "autonomy" and self setting role in the policy of the South-aggression.At the same time,as a national policy bank set up by the Japanese government in accordance with special laws,the BOT also has the"profit-making" of commercial banks.Driven by interests,its "national policy" and"profit-making" often contradict and cannot be unified,showing a side beyond the"national policy".Driven by "autonomy" and "profit-making",the BOT and other Japanese financial institutions in China,such as the Yokohama Specie Bank,not only produced fierce competition in business operation such as exchange,broke the Japanese government’s principle of "separation of business",but also often caused conflicts in terms of business areas in China.The complex relationship between the BOT and the Yokohama Specie Bank in China is the epitome of the cooperation and competition between modern Japanese financial institutions in China.The financial network construction and business development of the BOT in China have had close interaction and game with Chinese society.On the one hand,the BOT ’s invasion of China’s financial market has damaged the interests of banks and other original financial institutions,so it has been strongly resisted by them;on the other hand,with its strong capital,the BOT has forced banks to cooperate with it to form a community of interests,and through the appointment of Chinese compradors,it has quickly integrated into local society and consolidated its foundation in various places.At the same time,in the face of the BOT ’s serious violations of China’s financial sovereignty,people everywhere constantly launched resistance struggles,especially in the series of Anti Japanese movements in modern times,such as the May 4th movement,the BOT suffered sustained large-scale resistance,and its financial expansion in China suffered serious setbacks. |
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