The Research On The Promotion System Of National University Teachers In The Period Of The Republic Of China

As an academic organization that studies and disseminates advanced knowledge,the university’s fair and reasonable teacher promotion system helps to stimulate the professionalism of university teachers and promote the smooth development of academics.The period of the Republic of China was a golden period for the generation of Chinese university masters.At that time,higher education and academic culture had made remarkable achievements,and this was also related to the operation of the university teacher appointment and promotion system.However,to this day,this historical fact has not attracted enough attention from the educational academia.In view of the fact that there are still many urgent problems that need to be solved in the current university teacher promotion system in China,this study intends to make an in-depth study on the topic of the national university teacher promotion system in the Republic of China period,and to provide some lessons from the historical dimension for the current related issues Borrow the mirror.This research follows the principles of the integration of history and logic,the combination of macro overview and micro perspective,static analysis and dynamic tracking.It adopts the literature research method,historical research method and case study method to conduct a special study on the promotion system of national university teachers in the Republic of China.That is,on the basis of systematically elaborating the running trajectory of the national university teacher promotion system and microscopic perspective of the case of the national university teacher promotion system,the motivation for the national university teacher promotion system is investigated,the development trajectory of the national university teacher promotion system is combed,and the design elements of the system are clarified And the implementation path,analyze the progress and limitations of the promotion system,in order to explore the historical mirror of the modern university teacher promotion system.The content of this study mainly covers the following six parts.The first part is about the origin of the promotion system of national university teachers during the Republic of China.The promotion system of national university teachers in the modern sense of China is actually an imported product from the West.The faculty of Western universities and the medieval universities were born with each other.At that time,the germination of professional teachers had formed.The university in the modern sense originates from Europe,and the development experience of the teacher promotion system of modern European,American and Japanese universities also has an important impact on the generation of the teacher promotion system of the National University of the Republic of China.In the early period of the Republic of China,the promotion system of university faculty members was born out of the practice of the promotion of university teaching in the late Qing Dynasty.At that time,the division of teaching grades at the Peking University Tongwenguan,Beiyang University Hall,and Beijing Normal University Hall was marked with a hierarchy and bureaucratic colors.After the Sino-Japanese War,the upsurge of education to save the country laid the ideological foundation for the foreign transplantation of the teacher promotion system,and the development of academics became the internal driving force for the national university to transplant the foreign teacher promotion system.The second part is the historical evolution of the promotion system of national university teachers during the Republic of China.Viewed from the perspective of historical development,along with the needs of the university system,the national university faculty promotion system came into being and experienced the budding,establishment,development and deepening evolution process.During the period of the Beiyang government,the Ministry of Education promulgated a series of laws and regulations related to the qualifications and promotion of university teachers.However,due to political turmoil and the lack of new talents in line with the development of modern higher education,the promotion of national university teachers did not form a unified standard.The characteristics of the system are mainly manifested as "university autonomy" and the centralization of principals;after the establishment of the Nanjing National Government,the Ministry of Education strengthened the management of the promotion of university teachers,formulated a series of policies and regulations concerning the qualification and promotion of university professor qualifications,and established the Ministry of Education Academic The deliberative committee has gradually made the accreditation and promotion of university professor qualifications on the track of institutional development,and promoted the continuous improvement of the professionalism of university teachers.The third part is the formulation of the promotion system of national university teachers during the Republic of China.The establishment of the faculty promotion system for national universities is based on the consideration of the interests of both teachers and universities.It not only guarantees the living treatment of university teachers,but also improves the quality of faculty at the national universities and directly promotes the development of modern academic research.The main body of the national university teacher promotion system is divided from top to bottom into the national education administration,university council and university appointment(promotion)committee.In general,the basic content of the system covers the guiding program,organizational structure,promotion standards,and matters for submission.In order to highlight the principles of fairness and efficiency,the promotion process is generally the basic process of individual application of faculty,department head review(recommended by the college),appointment(promotion)committee review,principal management,and approval by the Academic Review Committee of the Ministry of Education.In fact,in the design and operation of the entire university system,including external higher education laws and regulations,internal national university academic evaluation systems,and education funding management systems,all have played an escort role in the formulation of the faculty promotion system.The fourth part is the implementation of the promotion system of national university teachers during the Republic of China.Case studies help to understand things in depth and in detail.During the period of the Republic of China,Peking University,Tsinghua University and Southwest United University were typical representatives of national universities.Therefore,this article uses these three schools as examples to analyze the practice path of the national university teacher promotion system.The idea of running a university and the promotion system is the precursor to the practice of the promotion system.From the perspective of the background of the formation of the teacher promotion system,the formulation of the main body,the promotion conditions,the promotion process dimension and the case analysis,the in-depth analysis of the operation mechanism of the teacher promotion system helps to look at Grasp the implementation status of the national university teacher promotion system.The fifth part is the evaluation of the promotion system of national university teachers in the Republic of China.The role of historical evaluation is to make historical value appear in subjective consciousness through evaluation activities.The historical contribution of the faculty promotion system of the National University of the Republic of China is to break the "advance of the teacher-teacher" teaching promotion model,advocate the "academic standard" teacher promotion concept,construct the "multiple and open" teacher promotion standards,and follow the "fair and efficient" teacher promotion program.However,there are certain limitations in the development.First,in the evaluation process,"informal rules" such as "factional struggle" composed of political factors,kinship,geography,and academic affiliation affect the promotion results;second,promotion On the conditional level,the standards for teaching and scientific research tend to be simple and broad,and it is easy to cause people who are "fishing in the muddy water" in the evaluation;again,the evaluation subject is mainly "big peers",and it is difficult to accurately obtain the academic value of the applicant’s research.It hinders a more objective and fair evaluation of the evaluation object.The sixth part is the contemporary revelation of the promotion system of national university teachers during the Republic of China.Knowing from the past,there is comparison to distinguish.The institutional experience of faculty promotion in national universities during the period of the Republic of China provides a certain reference for the current reform of university faculty promotion system.From the point of view of the system,it is necessary to advocate the principle of "primary education" and form a quality guide.This requires universities to shape the institutional spirit with the "academic standard" as the main purpose;to design the system content based on "academic contribution";and to build an institutional organization with the goal of "study academic".From the point of view of system and design,it is necessary to build an institutional organization with the goal of "research for academics".In practice,it promotes university autonomy and deepens the reform of evaluation autonomy;strengthens the principal’s management of the school and establishes "Karisma authority";precise school positioning and clear value pursuit of the system.From the perspective of system implementation,it is necessary to pursue the concept of "talent only",embodying humanistic care.Implement multiple evaluations in the promotion process and advocate evaluation based on aptitude;optimize promotion conditions and highlight core performance;fit professional trends and base on teacher development.