Effects Of Fundamental Movement Skills On Physical Activity And Health-related Physical Fitness In Children With Severe Intellectual Disability

Purpose: Fundamental movement skills in childhood are the cornerstone of forming complex motor skills and engaging in regular physical activities.The development of fundamental movement skills is very important for the formation of sports habits and the development of physical health in childhood,adolescence and even adulthood.Compared with children with mild and moderate intellectual disability,children with severe intellectual disability are often the most vulnerable and the most easily neglected part.Their prevalence and physical disability rate are higher,and they face more health problems.However,in the current situation that the physical activity and health problems of children with severe intellectual disability are particularly prominent,the research in the related fields of children with severe intellectual disability is very little.Based on this,this study analyzes the popular characteristics of fundamental movement skills,physical activity level and health-related physical fitness of children with severe intellectual disability,explores the relationship between fundamental movement skills,physical activity level and health-related physical fitness of children with severe intellectual disability,and constructs the path mechanism of the impact of basic motor skills of children with severe intellectual disability on physical activities and health-related physical fitness.Methods: This study used the method of literature,testing methods,experimental methods and statistic methods and analyzed the characteristic and relationship of fundamental movement skills,physical activity and health related physical fitness and examined the effects of fundamental movement skills intervention on physical activity and health related physical fitness in children with severe intellectual disability.Firstly,we used convenient sample methods obtained 267 children with severe intellectual disability(66 children in 9 years、67 children in 10 years,66 children in 11 years、68 children in 12 years),with 180 boys and 87 girls.And we used descriptive statistics to analyze the characteristics of fundamental movement skills,physical activity level and health-related physical fitness of children with severe intellectual disabilities through the convenience sampling method,and analyzed the gender and age differences of the three.Secondly,we used correlation analysis,regression analysis and structural equation modeling further explored the relationship between fundamental movement skills and physical activity levels and health-related fitness variables in children with severe intellectual disabilities,and the AMOS structural equation was used to construct the relationship between fundamental movement skills and physical activity levels in children with severe intellectual disabilities.Prediction model of health-related physical fitness.Thirdly,through the mixed experimental design of 2(group:experimental group,control group)* 3(test time: baseline,6 months,12 months),we further explored the effect of fundamental movement skills intervention on the FMS levels,physical activity levels,and health-related fitness in children with severe ID.Results:(1)The level of fundamental movement skills of 9-12 years old children with severe intellectual disability was lower,which was lower than the norm standard for children of the same age.There was no significant difference between age and age(p>0.05);the physical activity level of children with severe intellectual disability was lower,of which the level of moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity was 33.29 min/day,and at least 75% of the subjects did not reach the standard Meet the World Health Organization recommended amount,the overall daily walking number of girls was significantly lower than that of boys(p<0.05),the daily static behavior was significantly higher than that of boys(p<0.05),and the gender differences in other physical activity levels were not statistically significant.The physical activity level of children with intellectual disabilities on school days was significantly higher than that on weekends(p<0.05);there was no significant gender difference in the overall health-related physical fitness level of children with severe intellectual disabilities(p>0.05).There were differences in flexion,grip strength and age of PACER(p<0.05).The health-related physical fitness level of children who met the recommended dose was significantly higher than that of children who did not meet the recommended dose(p<0.05).(2)The results of partial correlation analysis found that there was a positive relationship between fundamental movement skills and physical activity(r=0.13-0.53,p<0.05)and health-related physical fitness(r=0.15-0.63,p<0.05)of children with severe intellectual disabilities.Correlation relationship,multiple stepwise regression analysis found that basic motor skill level can significantly predict moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity and health-related physical fitness level,and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity can significantly predict its health-related physical fitness level.The total score of fundamental movement skills in children with intellectual disabilities(indirect effect value 0.067,95%CI:0.002-0.141)and health-related physical fitness played a mediating role,and also in displacement skills(indirect effect value 0.125,95%CI:0.064-0.195),control Skills(indirect effect value 0.123,95%CI:0.059-0.199)and health-related physical fitness played a mediating role;(3)The design of the fundamental movement skills intervention program for children with severe intellectual disability is based on the theories of movement development and traditional work analysis.The design principles are feasibility,scientificity,playfulness,assistance and repeatability.The goal setting of the intervention program includes the basic stage,promotion stage and skill joint practice stage.The arrangement of the intervention content is based on the current situation of the fundamental movement skills development of children with severe intellectual disability,Based on the traditional work analysis method,the movement learning content is disassembled,and the effect of children’s movement learning is consolidated through transitional game arrangement.Compared with the control group,a 1-year fundamental movement skills intervention could significantly improve the fundamental movement skills of children with severe intellectual disabilities,including weekday and weekend day physical activity levels(p<0.05)and muscle strength and endurance,cardiorespiratory fitness(p<0.05).Conclusion:(1)The total score of fundamental movement skills of children with severe intellectual disability increased gradually with age,but the range of improvement was small,and age and gender had little effect on fundamental movement skills;The level of physical activity of children with severe intellectual disability is low,less than one quarter of them meet the recommended amount of physical activity of children and adolescents by the World Health Organization,the level of physical activity on school days is higher than that on weekends,and the daily walking number of girls is significantly lower than that of boys;The scores of BMI,grip strength,sitting forward flexion,sit ups and vertical jump in health-related physical fitness of children with severe intellectual disability gradually increased with age,but the gender difference was small.(2)The fundamental movement skills of children with severe intellectual disability can positively predict the level of physical activity and health-related physical fitness.Moderate to vigorous physical activity plays a partial intermediary role between the fundamental movement skills and health-related physical fitness of children with severe intellectual disability.(3)Based on the realistic needs of children with severe intellectual disability whose fundamental movement skills are seriously lagging behind and the impact of displacement skills and control skills in fundamental movement skills on the physical activities and healthy physical fitness of the group,the learning actions of fundamental movement skills are disassembled by using the traditional work analysis method.Through the transitional game arrangement connected with the practice actions,it is feasible,scientific,playful Supplementary and repetitive fundamental movement skills intervention designed for the principle is feasible and effective.One year of fundamental movement skills intervention can effectively improve the level of physical activity(weekdays and weekend day)and health-related physical fitness level(muscle strength,endurance and cardiopulmonary fitness)of children with severe intellectual disability.