The Model Of Worker-Occupation Fit Effects On Occupational Stress And Related Disorders

BackgroundThe high task demands,multitasks,and continuous learning of new knowledge and technologies are profound changes in the recent years.The occupational health psychology to be a public issue among occupation population.Fit is an inevitable result of the rapid changes in the occupational environment,that it is an important risk factors in the current workplaces.The modern workingstyle would induce the occurrence of occupational stress and stress-related disorders.Carrying out the systematic research of work-occupation fit are need to explore for further research on occupational stress.The aim of this study is based on the person-environment fit theory(P-E Fit),(1)put forward the primary framework of occupational fit;(2)develop the tool for fit measures,and(3)explore the correlation of the fit,occupational stress and stress-related disorders,that in order to establish a relatively systematic methods and theoretical framework for improving the in-depthness research of occupational stress.Methods The methods of theoretical researchThe bibliometrics are used to review and analyze the P-E Fit published literature,including the number of published periodical articles,literature types,distribution of research topics,and country distribution of articles;Using theoretical research methods,including the historical analysis,inductive and deduction,that support to build worker-occupation fit theory and research model.According to the framework of occupational stress and P-E Fit theory for the theoretical foundation that build empirical model and hypothesizes.The methods of empirical research(1)Developing the Occupational Fit Survey(OFS).The scale based on the suggestions of Cable and De Rue(2002)about fit measures,relationship of personal-environment fit,and conform to the cultural background of Chinese.It is divided into three dimensions and nine items that the dimensions included characteristic fit,need-supply fit,and demand-ability fit.The scale has five-level for each item(1 = severe misfit,5 = strong fit),and score-range in the scale from 9to 45 points.The verification of the scale used confirmatory factor analysis(CFA)to analyze the structural validity of scale;used test-retest reliability and Cronbach’s alpha test the internal consistency.(2)Validation of theoretical model.Stratified cluster sampling was used to survey on worker-occupation fit,occupational stress,psychosomatic symptoms,psychosocial symptoms stress-related disease,stressrelated behaviors of 1463 nurses.The research tools were consist of DepressionAnxiety-Stress Survey(DASS-21),systemic diseases questionnaire refer to the Chinese Psychosomatic Health Scale(CPSHS);stress-related behavior scale,which is refer to the stress management guideline that put forward the stress behaviors;sleep disorders were used the Atkins Sleep Scale(ASS),and coping styles were used Simple Coping Style Scale.The structural equation model(SEM)was used to analyze the correlation of fit,occupational stress and disorders;Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship of variables;binary classification logistic regression analysis and direct effect analysis were used to explore the fit effects of occupational stress,outcome of stress,and building the risk predict model;the method of develop risk point sheet(RPS)refer to the Wilson’s RPS of heart study.ResultsA total of 1,600 questionnaires were distributed in this survey,excluding the questionnaires that failed to fill or filled in less than 80%,1463 of valid questionnaires,and recovery rate was 91.4%.Verification of worker occupational fitThe factor weight of the model is between 0.70 to 0.96,indicated that the model has a goodness fit;the indicators used have a good interpretation of the measurement dimensions;The estimated parameter error terms are all positive values,indicating that the model has no definition errors.Based on the CFA model of worker occupation fit,calculate the composite reliability and average variation extraction of the measurement indicators corresponding to the three dimensions.According to the judgment criterion,the composite reliability should be over 0.6,and the average variation extraction amount should be over 0.5,that indicated the model has better internal consistency.The results of worker occupation fit theory model(1)The effects model of worker occupation fit.The total R-squire of the model is 0.377,which indicates that the model can explain 38% of the variation in well-being.The model of fit effect on job satisfaction,the total R-squire of the model is 0.528,shown a high-level interpretation of model;the effect on turnover intention,the total R-squire of model is 0.396;the effect on fatigue,the total Rsquire of model is 0.349.there are all have significant path coefficient for four effect models(all P < 0.05);the mediating effects of unhealthy psychological symptom that have the different level to four outcomes.The strongest mediating effect on fatigue,which accounts for up to 63%;the second effect on well-being,that is account for 31%,the weakest effect on turnover intention.(2)The condition of occupational stress.Of the 1463 respondents,45.45% of nurses didn’t have occupational stress,and 54.45% have occupational stress.15.11% of Mild occupational stress,14.15% of moderate occupational stress,13.19% of severe occupational stress,and 12.10% of extremely severe occupational stress.The average score was 7.24(SD = 4.54)at a level of mild occupational stress.(3)The condition of worker occupation fit.Among the respondents,the average score is34.4(SD = 6.1),score range between 9 to 45 points;the average score of characteristic fit is 11.3(SD = 2.5),and The average score for need-supply fit is10.1(SD = 2.7),the average score for the demand-ability fit is 12.9(SD = 2.2),the demand-ability fit scores is higher than other fit types.(4)Worker occupation fit with personality traits: perfectionism is related to fit(P <0.01);perfectionism,introvert and extrovert are both influence factors of worker occupation fit,fit score of introvert personality is higher than extrovert(P <0.01).(5)Worker occupation fit with occupational stress.Occupational stress is related to fit that the correlation coefficient with worker occupation fit is 0.472 that is negatively correlated,that the higher level of fit,the lower level of occupational stress(P <0.01);fit is a protective factors for occupational stress;,the fit have strong effect on occupational stress after adjusting for covariate variables(OR = 0.87,95% CI: 0.85-0.90)and fit has a significant direct effect on occupational stress(P <0.01);(6)Worker occupation fit with unhealthy psychological symptoms.worker occupation fit is negatively related to depression,anxiety,and fatigue,which indicates that the higher fit,the lower level of depression,anxiety,and fatigue.The coefficients were-0.571,-0.512,-0.499,respectively(P <0.01);the difference in the scores of psychosomatic symptoms among the respondents was statistically significant(P <0.01).Depression,anxiety,and fatigue increased with the level of fit.The level of worker occupation fit of normal group was higher than the group who suffered from unhealthy psychological symptom(P <0.01);both worker occupation fit and unhealthy psychological symptom had a significant direct effects(P <0.01);the fit effect on occupational stress has strong effect after adjusting for covariate variables;(7)Worker occupation fit and social psychology outcomes.Among 1463 of respondents,the average score of job satisfaction was 9.70(SD = 3.93),and turnover intention was 5.50(SD = 3.50).Correlation analysis between worker occupation fit and social psychology outcomes all have correlation.occupational stress and job satisfaction and wellbeing have a positive correlation and the correlation coefficients were-0.444 and-0.390,respectively(P <0.01).The correlation with turnover intention has negative correlation,and the coefficient is-0.495(P <0.01).Comparison of different levels of worker occupation fit scores and social psychology scores,the difference in scores is statistically significant(P<0.001).fit have a direct effect on job satisfaction(b = 0.550,P <0.01),wellbeing(b =0.248,P <0.001),which has a significant positive influence;Worker occupation fit has a direct effect on well-being,except for characteristic fit.fit negative direct effect(b = 0.326,P <0.01)with turnover intention.(8)Worker occupation fit and diseases.Among the 1463 survey respondents,there were 1,216 people without diseases,accounting for 83.12%;247 respondents have diseases,accounting for16.88%.Worker occupation fit is related to musculoskeletal diseases and digestive diseases,but have the weak correlation between disease and fit,with correlation coefficients are 0.057 and 0.069,respectively.scores of worker occupation fit in the skeletal-muscle disease group are lower than those in the normal group(P <0.01).Need-supply fit is risk factors for musculoskeletal diseases(OR = 1.07,95% CI:1.005-1.130);worker occupation fit,characteristic fit,and Need-supply fit are risk factors for digestive diseases,with OR values of 1.02,1.07,and 1.06,respectively.Conclusion(1)Most of the verifications of worker occupation fit model have been confirmed.The worker occupation fit is the factors of unhealthy psychological symptom and social psychology outcomes,it also has influence on some systematic diseases and stress-related behaviors.The worker occupation fit have the better predictive of unhealthy psychological symptom and social psychology outcomes,and the prediction of disease and behavior still need to be further explored.(2)Occupational stress is related to worker occupation fit and has a direct effect.The higher the worker occupation fit,the lower occupational stress;In the occupational stress risk predict model,the worker occupation fit is a protective factor;compare to male and female,the effect on women is stronger than men;the worker occupation fit would be 32 points,that the occupational stress occurs.(3)Worker occupation fit has a negative correlation with unhealthy psychological symptom.The higher the worker occupation fit,the lower unhealthy psychological symptom,and it has a direct effect on depression,anxiety and fatigue.Fit also has a mediating effect on fatigue by stress,anxiety and depression.In the risk prediction model,worker occupation fit is protective factor for unhealthy psychological symptom;the early warning value of depression,anxiety and fatigue is 28 points,29 points,and 29 points,respectively.(4)Worker occupation fit has a correlation with social psychology outcomes;it has a negative correlation with turnover intentions and a positive correlation with job satisfaction and well-being;worker occupation fit has a direct effect on social psychology outcomes,and it with turnover intention have a negative effect.For the social psychology outcomes,the fit both have a better predictive.the worker occupation fit early warning value of well-being is 34 points,the job satisfaction and turnover intention early warning values are 36 points.(5)Worker occupation fit is statistically related to musculoskeletal diseases and digestive diseases;the worker occupation fit is influence factors of musculoskeletal diseases.Characteristic fit and need-supply fit are influence factors of the digestive system disease.