| Dioryctria mongolicella Wang & Sung belongs to the genus Dioryctria Zeller(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae),and is a typical borer pest.From the beginning of infecting to the emergence of adults,the larvae of D.mongolicella hide themselves and damage in the resinous blocks and galleries into phloem most of the time.It is difficult for chemical pesticides to control them.The sex attractant developed from insect sex pheromone has the advantages of strong specificity,high sensitivity and no pollution.The research of the sex pheromone of D.mongolicella has important theoretical value and practical significance.Therefore,the dynamic rhythm of the female moth’s calling behavior of D.mongolicella was preliminary studied.The antennal sensilla in its reproductive communication system was observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM).The female moth sex pheromone gland extract was chemically analyzed and compared identification.Organic chemical reactions were used to synthesize of the sex pheromone components of D.mongolicella.Synthetic sex pheromone was prepared with different ratios and different doses of lures,combined with triangular traps to determine the sex pheromone components that have strong attracting activity to D.mongolicella,the best ratio and dosage.The results of this thesis are as follows:1.In 2018-2020,the average emergence rate of D.mongolicella was 84.69%.The average parasitic rate was 2.86% and the average larval mortality rate was 2.01%.The average pupal mortality rate was 9.09%.The total number of emergence of male moths was higher than that of female moths,and the average ratio of male to female was 0.62:1.The longest lifespan of D.mongolicella adults collected from New River Experimental Forestry Centre is 5 d,the shortest is 2 d.The lifespan of female moths(4.63 ± 0.02 d)is longer than that of male moths(4.01 ± 0.13 d).D.mongolicella begin to emerge at the beginning of July,reach the peak of emergence at the end of July,and then gradually decreases.The female moths of D.mongolicella started to call male moths within 0~8 h of the dark period,and the maximum calling peak was the 1-day-old female moth within 4~6 h of the dark period.As the female moth’s age increases,the calling behaviors occur earlier within 0~4 h of the dark period.In the forest moth trap test,the two virgin female moths and sex pheromone gland extracts have good attracting activity to male moths.2.Scanning electron microscopic observation results of antennae showed that the antennal sensilla of D.mongolicella is mainly on the flagellum.There are sensilla trichodea,sensilla chaeticum,sensilla coeloconica,sensilla auricillica and sensilla cylindric on the antennae.The sex pheromone secretion gland of D.mongolicella is specialized in the internode membranes of the eighth and ninth abdominal segments.It’s a ring gland.3.The sex pheromone gland extract of the female moth of D.mongolicella was analyzed by GC-FID and GC-MS.By comparing the mass spectrum molecular ions and characteristic fragment ions of each component in the extract,and comparing the retention time of gas chromatography with the standards,it was determined that there are three main components in the sex pheromone gland extract of the female moth: E11-16:Ald,Z11-16:Ac and ZZZZZ3,6,9,12,15-25:Hy.The relative ratio of these three components in the extract is3.9:1.9:1.0.4.ZZZZZ3,6,9,12,15-25:Hy,ZZZZZ3,6,9,12,15-23:Hy,Z11-16:OH,Z11-16:Ald,Z11-16:Ac and their E-isomers were synthesized successfully.In the field evaluations,E11-16:Ald is more attractive to male D.mongolicella than Z11-16:Ac or ZZZZZ3,6,9,12,15-25:Hy and blank control which could not attract the target male moth.The combination of E11-16:Ald + Z11-16:Ac + ZZZZZ3,6,9,12,15-25:Hy in a ternary blend trapped more moths than any single-component blend.The synthetic blend of 200 μg E11-16:Ald,100 μg Z11-16:Ac,100 μg Z9E11-14:Ac and 250 μg ZZZ3,6,9–23:H will help in developing efficient strategies for monitoring and control of D.mongolicella populations in artificial Mongolian pine forest of in the northeast of China. |
