Study On The Complex System Of Yongshun Camellia Oleifera Forest From The Perspective Of Eecological Culture

Camellia oleifera is a small sunken tree or shrub mainly growing in the low mountain and hilly area of subtropical forest ecosystem in south China.According to geological archeology,tea species has a history of more than one million years in China.Camellia oleifera is a unique woody oil crop in China and one of the world’s four largest woody oil crops.In the historical process of domestication and utilization of camellia oil,the ethnic groups in southern China gradually formed the " Ecocultural coupling body" of the co-evolution of culture and specific species,which has been passed down in daily production and life practice and has maintained a strong vitality.On January 20,2020,"Hunan Yongshun Camellia forest complex system" was rated as the fifth batch of China’s important agricultural cultural heritage due to its distinct characteristics of viability,complexity and sustainability.This heritage is also the first project to protect the agricultural cultural heritage of woody oil crops in China."Hunan Yongshun Camellia forest complex system" was approved for protection,which is of great significance.To be specific,three breakthroughs have been made: one is the breakthrough in the ontology of agricultural cultural heritage,that is,from the single field agriculture which is completely separated from forestry and agriculture to the sustainable development of "big agriculture" integrating agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and sideline fishery;The second is the breakthrough of the value theory of agricultural cultural heritage,that is,how to comprehensively and accurately treat the wisdom and core values of other types of agricultural culture that have existed for a long time in the history of Our country and coexist in different regions and ecosystems at the present stage through constant trial and error and accumulation.Three is the breakthrough agricultural cultural heritage research methodology,namely how to eliminate evolution of the classical theory of evolution,the negative effects of interference of ecological ethnology by introducing ecological co-evolution method,by using the theory of modern science and technology,the depth of excavation is different from other types of fixed farming agriculture and realize the scientific nature,rationality of the contemporary cultural heritage comprehensive innovation and utilization."Hunan Yongshun camellia forest complex system" was granted the protection of agricultural cultural heritage project,and then achieved a breakthrough in three aspects of agricultural cultural heritage ontology,value theory and methodology,which is a happy event benefiting the country and the people,and has also attracted extensive attention from all walks of life and high attention from the academic community.In terms of the current academic research,there are still some shortcomings: first,the research on other types of agricultural cultural heritage different from fixed farming is relatively weak;Secondly,it is wrong to interpret and make use of the agricultural heritage which should belong to the wandering farming culture in history with fixed farming thinking mode.In view of this,this paper aims to make use of contemporary scientific and technological principles and logical reasoning to conduct a thematic study on the ecological culture integrating cognition,technology,system and concept of yongshun camellia forest complex system,in order to reveal its scientific and rational nature,and explore its multiple functions and the technical path of comprehensive innovation and utilization.Yongshun area of Hunan province is located in the hinterland of Wuling Mountain area in the transition zone from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to Jianghan Plain.It is not suitable for the development of large-scale field agriculture.Through constant trial and error,the ancestors of the Tujia ethnic group made full use of the traditional survival wisdom accumulated in history,and formed a set of livelihood mode characterized by multi-business compound management,that is,forestry and agriculture compound management.In this way of living,the traditional ecological culture of camellia forest complex system was gradually formed through the interactive evolution of culture and habitat.This traditional ecological culture mainly includes four aspects: cognitive system,technical system,institutional guarantee and spiritual concept.Specifically,its cognitive system mainly includes knowledge of biological species,ecological function and forest symbiosis.Its technical system mainly includes the technology of grow without planting and bionic transplanting,the management and protection technology of precise pruning and repeated regulation,the utilization technology of compound management and fixed tube for use.Its institutional guarantee mainly includes the property right system shared by family village community and the management and protection distribution system shared by family village community.Its spiritual concepts mainly include the ecological concept of the unity of man and nature,the ecological concept of equality and harmonious coexistence of all things,and the ecological concept of the suitability of things for their use.The ecological culture of the compound system of camellia oleifera is a traditional survival wisdom of using natural resources by Tujia ethnic group in the wuling mountain areas,and is the "Eco-cultural coupling body" developed from the compatibility,reciprocity,co-existence and coupling of Tujia Culture and specific species in Wuling Mountain.As an important agricultural heritage in China,this cultural event not only has the ecological value of making up for the lack of natural resource structure,effectively preventing the ecological environment risk and avoiding the fragile link of the ecosystem,but also has great historical,cultural and social economic value.This cultural event has broad space for comprehensive utilization and development prospects.Firstly,under the guidance of the current policy of promoting high-quality development of the camellia oil industry,the ecological industry chain of camellia oil as economic forest can be extended through modern science and technology.Secondly,local ecological knowledge and survival wisdom in the traditional livelihood mode of multi-industry can be activated to help the construction of ecological civilization.Literature records and field investigations confirm that the complex system of Yongshun Tujia culture and camellia oleifera forest in Wuling Mountain area has been stable for hundreds years,which has formed a coupling evolutionary relationship,realized the sustainable utilization of natural resources and fully guaranteed ecological security.There are substantial differences between the coupling evolutionary relationship between culture and specific species construction and the co-evolutionary relationship between biological species under natural conditions,which mainly shows that the coupling evolutionary relationship between culture and specific species is realized by the multi-business complex management system.In this system,the subject activity of culture is concentrated in the construction of a strict,labor-saving and capital-saving ecological culture.Although this ecological culture originated in ancient society,it is equally applicable to the present and future.After all,the biological properties of camellia forest environment and its associated plants and animals will not be easily changed.It is a positive signal that "Hunan Yong-shun Camellia forest complex system" has been included in the fifth batch of China’s important agricultural heritage projects for protection by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of The People’s Republic of China.This indicates that the value of the coupling evolutionary relationship between culture and specific species in the composite system of camellia oleifera forest has been recognized by all walks of life.Today,with the construction of ecological civilization and the high-quality development of the camellia oil industry in full bloom,we should develop the Camellia oil industry according to local conditions,make full use of modern science and technology to activate the traditional ecological culture of quaternity of the ancient camellia oil forest complex system,and foster the strengthsand avoid the weaknesses.It can give full play to the historical and cultural value,ecological and environmental value and social and economic value of the coupling evolution of culture and camellia forest complex system,and achieve the goal of benefiting the country and the people.Of course,the coupling evolutionary relationship between Tujia culture and camellia oleica is only a living case.Similar coupling bodies exist not only in the Tujia communities in Wuling Mountain area,but also in all ethnic groups in China.If we take this case as a starting point and draw inferences from it,there will be more examples that can be used for reference in the construction of ecological civilization and the high-quality development of related industries across the country,and its value for promotion is self-evident.