Research On The Competitiveness Of Beef Cattle Industry In Hebei Province

"The main contradiction in China’s society has been transformed into the contradiction between the people’s growing need for a better life and unbalanced and insufficient development",the 19th National Congress pointed out.Beef is as the Nutritious meat by Chinese residents,and the demand is increasing.But due to the lagging development of domestic beef cattle industry,the contradiction between beef supply and demand is increasingly severe,and high-end beef supply is mainly met by imports.A large number of pollutants and carbon emissions are generated in the development of beef cattle industry.To lead and promote High-quality development of industry with the new development concept of innovation,coordination,green,open and sharing is an important condition for meeting people’s pursuit of a better life and realizing sustainable development.There are many unique geographical advantages for Hebei province,such as located in the transitional zone between agriculture and animal husbandry,close to Beijing-Tianjin metropolitan area.And it is the main province of beef cattle industry development and beef supply in China.However,there are many problems in beef cattle industry at the present stage,such as the growth of beef cattle cultivate industry is mainly extensive expansion,the slaughter and processing industry is mainly the production of crude processing primary products and lowend beef products,with low added value,and lack interaction between beef cattle cultivate industry and slaughter and processing industry.At present,the theoretical research on industrial competitiveness has gradually matured,and improving industrial competitiveness has become one of the main purposes of industrial development in most regions,but the carrying capacity of resources and environment has become an obvious constraint on economic development,and the improvement of animal husbandry industry competitiveness under the constraint of ecological environment pressure has not attracted enough attention,and empirical studies based on the theoretical logic of industrial competitiveness are not abundant.For a long time,the theoretical and empirical research of domestic animal husbandry economic management mainly serves for the government’s macroeconomic management of the economy,but plays a weak role in guiding the production of micro farmers.So,under the constraints of ecological environment,the in-depth development of beef cattle industry in Hebei is in urgent need of relevant theoretical and empirical research.Based on competitiveness theory as the theoretical basis for the theoretical analysis,beef cattle industry competitiveness research framework,competitiveness and competitiveness evaluation index system,the empirical analysis,competitive research train of thought in the path of ascension,to find out the advantages and disadvantages of beef cattle industry competitiveness in Hebei province to promote the competitiveness of beef cattle industry in Hebei to provide decision-making reference.In this paper,Entropy Value Method,Principal Component Analysis(PCA),Super-efficiency DEA Model and Tobit Model are adopted.The main contents are as follows:the theoretical framework is the foundation of the theory and empirical research on the competitiveness of meat cattle industry in Hebei.First,based on the research framework,this paper constructed the competitiveness evaluation index system under the constraints of ecological environment,and then evaluated the dynamic evolution process of the competitiveness of Hebei in the past ten years,and evaluated the competitiveness in the development of the national beef cattle industry horizontally.Second,surveys have been Conducted based on beef cattle cultivate stage division.And after that the DEA Super-Efficiency Undesirable Outputs Models are used to measure the Technical Efficiency(TE)and Allocation Efficiency(AE)of the beef cattle cultivate industry,and then,the Tobit Model is used to analyze how the basic factors for the formation of competitiveness through production efficiency.Third,the SCP paradigm is used to study the industrial organization substantial effect on the formation of beef cattle industry competitiveness,the survey data and statistical data is introduced to analysis the market structure,market conduct and market performance of beef cattle cultivate industry and slaughter processing industry.In addition,the paper studies the ways to enhance the competitiveness of beef cattle industry in Hebei,analyzes the challenges faced by the indepth development of the industry,and analyzes the basic considerations of industrial development based on the theory of sustainable development and the requirements of highquality development.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)the competitiveness of beef cattle industry in Hebei of last ten years shows an overall growth trend,which fluctuates greatly after 2015,mainly structural enhancement.The evaluation and comparison of competitiveness with other areas shows that Hebei ranks third in China,behind Inner Mongolia and Shandong,and is the same as Xinjiang,He’nan and Sichuan.(2)In the beef cattle breeding industry in Hebei,the Cost of hybrid cattle is lower than that of milk bulls,and the total Profit of single head is higher than that of milk bulls,but the monthly Profit of semi-grazing is the highest,followed by calving of milk bulls,and the lowest in captivity.The TE,Pure Technical Efficiency(PTE)and Scale Efficiency(SE)of hybrid beef cattle breeding industry is higher than those of milk bulls,while the SE of hybrid cattle in captivity is higher than that of semi-grazing,and the TE of semi-grazing is higher than that of captivity.In addition to the behavior and characteristics of individual operators,TE of breeding is significantly affected by the social environment.The indicators of receiving training and participating in cooperatives have a positive effect on the TE of the three breeding modes to varying degrees.The eco-environmental regulation policy has a significant positive impact on the TE of captive breeding,while it has a significant negative effect on the PTE of semi-grazing.Related and auxiliary industries have a significant impact on the TE of milk bull calving.(3)Among the large,medium and small-scale fattening farms,the large-scale fattening farm has the best Revenue Efficiency(RE),Cost Efficiency(CE)and Profit Efficiency(PE),followed by the medium-scale,and the small-scale is the worst.However,the CE of mediumsized fattening farm is the best,followed by large-scale fattening farm and small-scale fattening farm.The AE of small-scale farms is significantly affected by policy and environmental variables;Cooperatives have a significant positive impact on improving CE and PE.In addition,the larger the scale of the fattening farm,the more significantly the AE is affected by the individual behavior and characteristics of the operators,and the more obvious the role of Human Capital.(4)The market concentration of beef cattle cultivate industry in Hebei is gradually increasing,and the regional agglomeration is gradually strengthening;The slaughtering and processing industry are affected by national and local living traditions,and the degree of regional agglomeration is high.Hebei beef cattle cultivate industry has the advantages of variety and price;There are technical barriers,capital barriers and government regulation barriers in beef cattle industry,especially in slaughtering and processing industry.The capital return rate of beef cattle cultivate industry and slaughtering and processing industry in Hebei is higher than that of similar industries in China,while beef cattle cultivate industry is higher than that of slaughtering and processing industry,and beef cattle breeding is higher than fattening.The beef cattle cultivate industry gathering area has obtained higher income,and the market performance level has room to improve;The market performance of slaughtering and processing industry is better.(5)The countermeasures and suggestions for Hebei:To build a modern beef cattle industry system with "high output efficiency,resource conservation,environmental friendliness and strong regulation and high-quality development pattern" as the starting point and entry point.It should give full play to the leading role of the market in optimizing the allocation of resources.At the same time,it should adhere to policy guidance and support to improve the distribution of industries,promote the orderly and rational flow of resources,and strengthen the weak.It should integrate planting and breeding and promote ecological development of industries.It should coordinate the planning and layout of slaughtering and processing industry,clarify the comprehensive development pattern of large and mediumsized enterprises,eliminate backward production capacity of small and medium-sized enterprises,change the disorderly development state,and form and optimize the production structure of high-and low-grade beef.Support powerful enterprises to grow bigger and stronger,guide the extension of the industrial chain,and promote the synergy between slaughter and processing and breeding and planting industries.The innovations of this paper are as follows:(1)referring the economic management practices of Japanese beef cattle industry,this paper attempts to finely divide the cultivate stages of Chinese beef cattle from the perspective of economic management for the first time,which fill the blank of no stage division in domestic beef cattle industry economic research.(2)This paper constructs the research model of industrial competitiveness under the constraints of ecological environment,studies the formation mechanism of beef cattle industrial competitiveness,and empirically analyzes the formation process of industrial competitiveness.The evaluation system of beef cattle industry competitiveness under the constraints of ecological environment is designed.(3)In the process of competitiveness evaluation,comparative analysis is carried out from three perspectives of national production provinces,dominant production provinces and agricultural and pastoral areas to comprehensively determine the competitiveness position.It is found that industrial comprehensive competitiveness is not only related to individual competitiveness but also may be related to the relationship between each individual.There are no obvious advantages in the indicators of competitiveness of beef cattle industry in Hebei Province,including the indicators of indicative index,basic factor index,related and auxiliary conditions index and demand index,all of which are in the middle and upper reaches level(no obvious disadvantages),while the comprehensive competitiveness strength still ranks the third in the forefront of China.This is in sharp contrast with Heilongjiang,Jilin,Xinjiang which have obvious advantages in individual competitiveness.In the process of improving the competitiveness of Hebei beef cattle industry,priority should be given to the formation of single competitive advantages,such as highlighting the breeding advantages with the help of geographical advantages and developing the market to promote demand growth,so as to play a leading role in the whole industry.