Effects Of Different Cultivation Methods On Wheat Sowing Quality And Growth Under The Condition Of Returning Corn Straw To The Field

With the enhancement of Chinese people’s awareness of environmental protection and the implementation of the national policy of banning burning,straw returning to the field has been widely promoted and applied.It has achieved good economic and ecological benefits in environmental protection,soil improvement,soil fertility and crop yield.But in the practice of agricultural production,there are also some problems that can not be ignored.In recent years,in the Shajiang black soil area of the Huang Huai Hai Plain,corn straw was directly returned to the field due to crushing,resulting in poor sowing quality,low emergence rate,weak seedlings,dead seedlings and other problems of the next crop winter wheat,which further affected the quality and yield of Wheat Seedlings,especially in the dry weather in autumn.In order to solve the above problems,this study was carried out in Mengcheng County agricultural experimental base,Anhui Province from October 2017 to June 2020.After the corn harvest of the previous crop,rotary tillage,tillage and non suppression,pre sowing suppression and post sowing suppression were mainly adopted.Biological bacteria were applied in the post sowing suppression and non suppression treatment areas.Under the same base,topdressing and management measures,the distribution quantity of corn straw in different soil layers was investigated Effects of soil moisture content on the emergence rate,seedling quality and yield of wheat.In the experiment,the current conventional rotary tillage + rotary sowing + non suppression tillage method of winter wheat sown with corn stubble in Huaibei area of Anhui Province was used as the control,and the corresponding designs were rotary tillage + pre sowing suppression + rotary sowing,rotary tillage + rotary sowing + Post sowing suppression,biological bacteria + rotary tillage + rotary sowing + Post sowing suppression,biological bacteria + rotary tillage + rotary sowing + non suppression,tillage + pre sowing suppression + rotary sowing,tillage + rotary sowing + Post sowing suppression,biological bacteria + tillage + rotary sowing + Post sowing suppression Biological bacteria + ploughing + rotating sowing + non suppression,a total of 10 treatments.The rotary tillage depth is 10～15cm,and the tillage depth is20～25cm.The test results are as follows:(1)Effects of cultivation methods on the distribution of corn straw in soil layer.After returning corn straw to the field,the distribution structure and quantity of corn straw in the soil layer is a key factor affecting the quality of wheat sowing.According to the three-year experimental investigation from october2017 to october2019,94% of the corn straw treated by rotary tillage in the test area is distributed in the soil surface and 0～10cm soil layer,6% is distributed in the 10～15cm soil layer,and there is no straw in 15～25cm;In the experimental area,14% of corn straw was distributed in the soil surface and0～10cm soil layer,less than 1% in the 10～15cm soil layer,and 85% in the15～25cm soil layer.Under the condition of returning corn straw to the field,the tillage method effectively solves the problem of corn straw distribution in the soil layer.The distribution of corn straw in the soil layer has nothing to do with the suppression method and the application of biological bacteria.(2)Effects of cultivation methods on soil moisture content after sowing.The three-year test data showed that compared with the traditional rotary tillage+ rotary sowing + non suppression tillage,rotary tillage + pre sowing suppression + rotary sowing,the soil water content after sowing increased by12.54%～17.20%;Soil water content increased by 19.89%～28.51% after rotary tillage,rotary sowing and post sowing suppression;The soil moisture content increased by 17.83%～22.59% after sowing with tillage + rotary sowing + no suppression;The soil moisture content increased by 27.81%～30.00% after tillage,pre sowing suppression and rotary sowing;The soil moisture content increased by 32.43%～48.82% after tillage,rotary sowing and post sowing suppression.The tillage method of tillage + rotary sowing + Post sowing suppression has the highest soil moisture content after sowing,and the effect of tillage and suppression is obvious,which has nothing to do with the combined application of biological bacteria.(3)Effects of cultivation methods on the emergence rate of wheat.Compared with rotary tillage + rotary sowing + non repressive cultivation,the results of three-year experiment showed that compared with rotary tillage +rotary sowing + non repressive cultivation,the rate of wheat emergence increased by 7.98%～16.43%;The emergence rate of wheat increased by21.97%～31.78% after rotary tillage,rotary sowing and post sowing suppression;The emergence rate of wheat increased by 28.15%～37.16% with tillage,rotary sowing and no suppression;The emergence rate of wheat increased by38.23%～47.59% by tillage + pre sowing suppression + rotary sowing;The emergence rate of wheat increased by 52.77%～65.16% after ploughing,rotating sowing and post sowing suppression.The emergence rate of wheat was the highest in tillage + rotary sowing + Post sowing suppression cultivation,and the effects of tillage and suppression were obvious,which had nothing to do with the combined application of biological bacteria.(4)Effects of cultivation methods on seedling quality of wheat.Compared with rotary tillage + rotary sowing + non suppression tillage,the three-year experiment showed that the number of four leaf seedlings increased by75.80%～89.79% after 25 days of wheat sowing and tillage + rotary sowing +suppression tillage after sowing.The effects of tillage and suppression were obvious,and had nothing to do with the application of biological bacteria;After50 days of wheat sowing,the number of tiller seedlings of wheat 3 increased by54.61%～65.58%,and the effect of tillage and suppression was significant,but the effect of combined application of biological bacteria was not significant;After80 days of wheat sowing,the number of tillers seedlings of wheat 5 increased by51.93%～64.79% in the way of biological bacteria + tillage + rotary sowing +suppression after sowing.The effect of tillage and suppression was obvious,and the effect of combined application of biological bacteria was further increased,but no significant effect was achieved.(5)Effects of cultivation methods on wheat yield.The results of the three-year experiment were as follows: compared with rotary tillage + rotary sowing + non suppression tillage,the wheat yield increased by 2.99%～3.79%with rotary tillage + pre sowing suppression + rotary sowing;The wheat yield increased by 5.53%～6.64% with rotary tillage,rotary sowing and post sowing suppression;The wheat yield increased by 8.02%～9.27% by biological bacteria+ rotary tillage + rotary sowing + Post sowing suppression;The yield of wheat increased by 2.61%～3.59% with biological bacteria + rotary tillage + rotary sowing + non suppression;The yield of wheat increased by 10.69%～11.74%with tillage,rotary sowing and no suppression;The wheat yield increased by13.29%～14.46% by tillage + pre sowing suppression + rotary sowing;The yield of wheat increased by 16.00%～17.45% by tillage,rotary sowing and post sowing suppression;The wheat yield increased by 18.64%～21.42% by biological bacteria + tillage + rotary sowing + Post sowing suppression;The wheat yield increased by 13.80%～15.12% with biological bacteria + tillage + rotary sowing +no suppression.The effect of tillage method on wheat yield was significant,but the effect of suppression method and biological bacteria on wheat yield was not significant.The wheat yield of biological bacteria + tillage + rotary sowing + Post sowing suppression cultivation method was the highest.The three-year experimental data show that the current rotary tillage +rotary sowing + non suppression tillage after corn straw crushing and returning to the field in Huaibei area of Anhui Province affects the sowing quality and later growth of wheat,and the biological bacteria + tillage + rotary sowing +suppression tillage after sowing can effectively improve the wheat yield and economic benefits.