Research On Urban Road Landscape Based On Multiple Perspectives

On the basis of concept differentiation,element sorting and function identification,Starting from the realization of functional goals,this paper summarizes the research progress at home and abroad,interprets the world urban street design manual,obtains reference and inspiration,and puts forward the multiple perspectives of the research,namely the historical perspective,the social dimension,the functional perspective,the urban design perspective and the system perspective.Based on the problem orientation,the research of urban road landscape is carried out from multiple perspectives to interpret and reshape the urban road landscape.At the macro level,the systematic problems of urban road landscape space,ecology and culture should be solved.At the medium and micro levels,we should attach importance to people-oriented needs and focus on solving the remolding problem of urban road landscape.From the perspective of history,the historical evolution characteristics of roads at home and abroad should be studied:(1)analysis of ancient Chinese,modern urban road development,combined with the phases of the development of modern landscape architecture theory system in our country,points out that the phases of the development of modern urban road landscape in our country: namely,the initial phase of simplicity and pragmatism,gradually exploratory stage file specification and reference,the turn of the century style,chaos phase of diversified development phase of the rational thinking.(2)research on urban road morphology and changes in Europe and the United States shows that:(1)t The evolution process of traditional street forms in Europe is characterized by the coexistence of curved streets and grid planning in the ancient Greek and Roman periods,the supremacy and self-organization of religion in the Middle Ages,the linear aesthetic rules of Baroque geometry in the Renaissance,and the classical tree-lined boulevard under absolute monarchy;(2)the traditional streets in the United States are represented as absolute grid,capitalist memorial avenue and rigorous residential street system.(3)with the change of urban development process and urban planning,Europe,America and China are characterized by the reference,inheritance and development of boulevard,and urban streets have completed the transformation and development from "traditional street--boulevard--urban road--new street".The humanistic concept of the new type of street has prompted this article to pay attention to the study of humanistic needs and scales in the social dimension.Research has pointed out that the humanistic needs in urban road landscapes include: safety needs,practicality and convenience needs,comfort needs,sensory pleasure,social needs,sense of place and belonging needs,etc;Analyzed the characteristics of human scale from the perspectives of urban scale,automobile scale,and human scale,and pointed out the category of human scale for urban roads;The SD method was introduced and combined with SPSS software to analyze and evaluate the street scale perception experience.Through statistical analysis between psychological perception evaluation factors and street parameters,the critical point of street human spatial scale perception threshold was obtained.The quantitative method of street scale psychological perception was studied,laying the foundation for the framework of street human scale perception analysis method and providing scientific methods for road spatial humanization evaluation.The humanized goal of urban road landscape can be fully realized by connecting the human-oriented demand and human-oriented scale with urban design.The precondition of urban design is the accurate orientation of road types.Based on the summary and analysis of the classification of urban road grades at home and abroad,it is pointed out that the simplification of urban road grades and types in China cannot effectively guide the urban road landscape design and other problems.Combined with the inspiration from the comparative study of the foreign street classification development and the world street design manual,this paper puts forward the concept of the three-element core value of urban road function,that is,the functional value system with the function of "traffic-landscape-ecology" as the core.Establish the urban road classification system based on the function of "traffic-landscape" to realize the classification and hierarchy of road positioning accurately;Establish the road space hierarchy of " expressway","road","street" and " alley " to guide the construction of urban road landscape space system;According to the requirements of the three core values of urban roads,the urban road landscape is divided into the following five typical types: ecological landscape road,landscape avenue,boulevard avenue,avenue,and alley;This paper puts forward guidelines for the design of typical urban road types,and puts forward Suggestions for the guidance of typical urban road landscape from three aspects: existing problems,landscape functions and characteristics,ecological needs and greening modes.Academic features based on the importance of urban design and sustainability of this deep foundation,under the perspective of urban design thinking road landscape remaking methods and content,is put forward under the perspective of urban design,road landscape remaking methods: set up road landscape design system,which HEATS system(Humanity)-H-E(Ecology)-A(Activity)-T(Transportation)-S(Space),the street landscape design system HEATS the five aspects of organic unity through the integration of urban design implementation;Relying on the concept of "integration" of urban design,the integration of road landscape elements can be realized.The steps of road landscape remodeling are interpreted,and the urban road landscape remodeling is realized from three aspects: reconstructing the urban road landscape space system,reconstructing the intention of urban road landscape site,and reconstructing the green space ecology of urban road landscape.Finally,from the perspective of system theory,the overall construction strategy of urban road landscape is proposed,and the planning strategies of urban road landscape spatial system,urban road landscape green space system,and urban road landscape cultural system are elaborated in detail.Based on the study of urban road landscape from the above multiple perspectives,rational cognition has been formed in epistemology and methodology:(1)in terms of epistemology: a preliminary clarification of the history and stage characteristics of China and American and American cities;The analysis of the evolution of Chinese and foreign cities has shown that the values of social values dominate the street form,which is why it has formed different types and characteristics of different phases;The importance of the street to the vitality and sustainability of the city has been taken seriously,and the direction of the street design is to wait for research,to turn the city’s roads towards the people,and the value and role of the street is being taken seriously.(2)In terms of methodology,it puts forward the core content of the three-element value of urban road landscape.To construct the road classification system method based on the function of "traffic-landscape",and establish the road landscape type and hierarchy system;The quantitative method of psychological perception of street scale is studied and the humanized evaluation index system and fuzzy matrix evaluation model of road space are preliminarily established.Construct a sustainable urban design framework of urban road landscape remaking,establish system of road landscape design-HEATS system;In order to guide the construction of urban road landscape space,ecology and culture system,the overall planning strategy framework of urban road landscape is proposed.