Research On The Sea-land Transport Corridor In Northeast China Based On The Identification Of Foreign Trade Container Hub Ports

In recent times,the three provinces in Northeast China have put forward a motion to accelerate the construction of the Northeast Sea-Land Corridor.This initiative holds significant strategic importance in promoting the comprehensive revitalization of the Northeast in the new era,as well as enhancing China’s radiation level and competitiveness in Northeast Asia.Among the core service functions of the Northeast Sea-Land Corridor,foreign trade container transportation plays a crucial role in the development of the manufacturing industry and the export-oriented economy of the three provinces.Currently,the foreign trade container system in the region operates through a "port-sea shipping network-land transport network" framework,utilizing coastal ports as export hubs,connecting with global maritime routes through ocean liners,and relying on a comprehensive land transport network and inland ports to form an integrated transportation system.However,in recent years,the landscape of the Northeast Asia port cluster,which includes the coastal ports of the three provinces,has undergone noticeable changes due to external factors such as the COVID-19 pandemic.The decision-making process of cargo owners has become increasingly complex,making precise scheduling of liner services more challenging.Additionally,fluctuations in supply and demand of foreign trade containers have increased,leading to more complexity in inland circulation and distribution.Under such circumstances,the security and stability of the industrial and supply chains in the three provinces have been significantly affected.It is imperative to seize the key window of opportunity presented by the construction of the Northeast Sea-Land Corridor and utilize scientific models and technological methods to consolidate and enhance the competitive strength of hub ports.This can be achieved by optimizing the main maritime routes,improving land transport channels,and optimizing the layout of inland ports,thereby enhancing the efficiency and timeliness of the regional foreign trade container transportation system.Based on this context,the main research objectives of this paper are as follows:(1)Analysis of liner network characteristics and identification of hub ports from the perspective of port clusters.Grounded in the perspective of the Northeast Asia port cluster,this paper constructs a regional liner service network using official statistics and AIS vessel trajectory data.By utilizing a liner network evaluation model and relevant indicators,it analyzes the structural characteristics of the foreign trade container port cluster in the region and examines the evolution of the regional port landscape under the influence of unforeseen events such as the COVID-19 pandemic.Furthermore,this paper employs a comprehensive integrated weighting method to construct a comprehensive evaluation model of port hub connectivity under multiple indicators,aiming to establish an identification method for hub ports in the regional foreign trade container system.The study calculates the current level of hub connectivity for various ports within the Northeast Asia port cluster.(2)Analysis of the frequency of mainline calls at hub ports in the three provinces,considering cargo owner preferences.Adopting a perspective from the Northeast Asia maritime network,this paper develops a dual-layer optimization model for route networks that takes into account cargo owner decision-making behavior.The model incorporates the parameter of customs clearance convenience based on the hub connectivity,allowing for a more accurate depiction of cargo owner preferences.To facilitate better solving of the model,this paper designs an adaptive large neighborhood algorithm and verifies its performance.Furthermore,by simulating scenarios such as the revitalization of the Northeast’s old industrial base and the establishment of free trade experimental zones,the paper calculates the frequency of mainline calls at hub ports when there are changes in container transportation demand and customs clearance convenience.(3)Research on the land transport channels and inland port layout for foreign trade container transportation in the three provinces.Taking the perspective of the land-based container transport network in the three provinces,this study constructs an optimization model for foreign trade container transportation channels and inland ports.The model takes into account the spatiotemporal flow of container land transport,based on the calculation of mainline calls at hub ports.Additionally,a Lagrange relaxation-pricing algorithm is designed to solve the model.By simulating the current situation and considering transportation demand growth,optimized layout schemes for the main channels of foreign trade container land transport network and inland ports in the three provinces are obtained.In conclusion,this paper can provide policy recommendations for enhancing the competitive strength of foreign trade container hub ports in the three provinces of Northeast China.Furthermore,it serves as a decision-making reference for the scientific planning of the Northeast Sea-Land Corridor and inland ports.From a practical perspective,this research will contribute to cost reduction and efficiency improvement in the foreign trade container transportation system of the three provinces,thereby enhancing the competitiveness of enterprises in the hinterland.From a theoretical perspective,it is also a valuable exploration and attempt towards the comprehensive planning of an integrated transportation network for container transportation,transitioning from a single-mode approach to a three-dimensional network that encompasses "hub ports-maritime shipping network-land transport network."...