The Research On Landscape Quality Assessment Of Forest Park At Multi-spatial Scales

Forest parks are an important type of nature protected areas.As a regional complex with authenticity,integrity and landscape aesthetics,the effective realization of the value of landscape resources is an important carrier to implement the public sharing and public welfare functions of forest parks.It is necessary to establish a multi-spatialscale evaluation system of landscape quality for scientifically protecting forest resources and achieving ecosystem service functions.From the perspective of landscape aesthetics and physiological psychology,this paper took the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park as the main research area,and discussed the evaluation methods of forest landscape quality at different spatial scales combined with the visual perception theory and environmental psychology theory,in order to provide some implications and reference for the landscape evaluation,protection and utilization of nature protected areas.The main research contents and conclusions are as follows:(1)Based on the second-class survey data of forest resources,a comprehensive evaluation method of ALG landscape based on area spatial scale was proposed.Using the AHP method evaluated by experts and the BIB-LCJ method used by visitor surveys,the paper constructed a project consisting of landform,slope,aspect,origin,age group/bamboo degree,canopy density/coverage,dominant tree species,average diameter at breast height,average tree height,The evaluation index system is composed of 11 forestland small class attribute data such as naturalness and trees per hectare.The landscape quality level can be divided into first,second,third and below third.Based on the Microsoft.NET framework and using the C#development language,a landscape quality grade evaluation system with the functions of spatial information query,data analysis and mapping was developed with ArcGIS Engine as the secondary platform.The study found that the first-level forest landscapes in Zhangjiajie National Forest Park accounted for 38%,followed by second-level(33%),third-level(26%)and lowerlevel(3%)forest landscapes;first-level forest landscapes The overall distribution is in sheets,mainly located in the central and eastern parts of the park,highly overlapping with the areas where recreational activities have been carried out.Through the comparative analysis of the landscape quality evaluation results of five forest parks(Zhangjiajie,Tianjiling,Beiluoxiao,Wushan,Fushoushan),the feasibility and universality of the ALG comprehensive evaluation method was verified.The"proportion of first-class forest landscape" can be used as the basic condition for the establishment of forest parks.The "proportion of first-class forest landscape" of national forest parks must reach more than 30%,and provincial forest parks need to reach more than 20%.(2)Based on the five eye movement indicators of the number of fixation points,average fixation time,fixation times,fixation time proportion,and average saccade amplitude,an eye movement evaluation model of forest landscape quality was constructed by using multiple linear regression analysis.The real-time eye movement data of the subjects on the Golden Whip Creek Tour was obtained through experiments,and 18 landscape samples covering different types were selected,and the forest landscape types,viewing distances,and spatial openings were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance and independent sample T-test.The study found that the proportion of fixation time,the number of fixations,and the average saccade amplitude have a significant impact on the quality of forest landscapes;the average fixation time of geographical and cultural landscapes is the longest,and the visual appeal is strong;the viewing distance is between ≤5m and≥30m.The quality presents a relatively high level;the characteristics of open space and medium-dense landscape area are more obvious,and it is easier to generate visual attention to the subjects.Zhangjiajie National Forest Park should improve the quality of forest landscape by focusing on the expression of landscape scale and color form,creating a rich landscape space scale,and optimizing the frequency of landscape space conversion.(3)The landscape evaluation method at monoscopic spatial scale based on EEG features was proposed.42 scenic spots within the Zhangjiajie National Forest Park were selected,and the reliability and validity of the EEG analysis data were verified through test-retest reliability,replica reliability and calibration validity.The paper proposed an experimental paradigm of landscape quality evaluation using EEG technology in a nonlaboratory environment.Besides,the study found that the Pearson correlation coefficient between the mean value of EEG attention and the score assigned by experts was between 0.624-0.804,and the average value was 0.6829,which proved that the two groups of data have a high degree of correlation,and the consistency of measurement before and after is strong.The quality of the forest landscape is especially evident in the quality evaluation.The correlation coefficient of the average attention degree of scenic spots along Huangshizhai and Yuanjiajie is 0.897,indicating that the reliability of the replica is good and the degree of correlation is high.An attention value lower than 40 can be regarded as a less attractive attraction,and an attention value higher than 60 is a more attractive attraction.(4)the paper introduced the "spatial scale view" into the field of landscape quality evaluation,and constructed a comprehensive evaluation system for forest park landscape quality of "area space-sequence space-single-field space".The evaluation results of area space quality can be used as the basis for the management and control of forest parks,and can be used to determine the scope of functional areas such as core landscape areas,general recreational areas,and management service areas;The design basis for length and width,and spatial conversion frequency;the evaluation results of the single-field spatial quality can be used as the basis for the planning of forest park scenic spots,and used to determine the type combination,spatial distribution,and degree of attraction of scenic spots.