Study On The Annual Effects Of Thermal Sensitive Spatial Parameters On Indoor Thermal Environment In Residential Area Of Southern Hunan

To obtain the low-carbon planning method of residential area adapting to China’s climate characteristics,this thesis studies the annual impact of spatial thermal sensitive parameters on indoor thermal environment in residential areas in southern Hunan.Firstly,by means of analyzing the causes of indoor thermal environment,this manuscript analyzes the spatial parameters affecting indoor thermal environment in residential area and builds a thermal sensitive spatial parameter system,comprising “2 types,4 sub-types and 12 parameters”.Secondly,two basic research works are carried out.One is to verify the accuracy of ENVI-MET in simulating residential spatial parameters on indoor thermal environment by means of field measurement.The second is to collect and analyze the climate data of southern Hunan,the attributes of residential area interfaces,and the perceptual characteristics of human body to temperature in southern Hunan.On the above basis,the effects of 12 spatial parameters on indoor thermal environment are simulated in this thesis.Finally,using the classification of temperature perception by human body in southern Hunan,the distribution of indoor perceived temperature throughout the year is analyzed using Kriging model,and the annual distribution maps are further analyzed from the view of“acceptable indoor temperature”.The conclusions are as follows:(1)The rise of building height effectively reduces the indoor temperature of residential areas and prolongs the duration of “acceptable indoor temperature” throughout the year;when the building rises from 3floors to 32 floors,the annual “acceptable indoor temperature” in southern Hunan rises from 5534.2 hours to 6476.6 hours.The rise of FAR increases the indoor temperature and reduces the duration of “acceptable indoor temperature” throughout the year;when the FAR increases from1.0 to 3.0,the duration of “acceptable indoor temperature” in southern Hunan residential area decreases from 5525.9 hours to 5422.1 hours.The influence of building density on indoor thermal environment is more complex;when the building density is lower than 18% or higher than25%,the indoor temperature in southern Hunan residential area decreases with the increase of building density;when the building density is between 18% and 25%,there is no significant correlation between indoor temperature and building density.(2)The increase of sky view factor increases the indoor temperature and reduces the duration of “acceptable indoor temperature” throughout the year;when the sky view factor increased from 0.05 to 0.45,the“acceptable indoor temperature” in southern Hunan residential area decreases by 419.3 hours throughout the year.The increase of street height to width ratio reduces the indoor temperature and increases the annual duration of “acceptable indoor temperature” in residential areas;when the height to width ratio increases from 0.5 to 5.5,the duration of“acceptable indoor temperature” increases by 670.0 hours throughout the year.The building shape coefficient has no significant correlation with the indoor temperature in southern Hunan residential area,so it should not be used as planning indicator of residential areas in southern Hunan.(3)The effects of grassland and shrub on indoor cooling are too weak to detect in southern Hunan,while tree decreases the mean indoor temperature by 1.1 ℃.Trees prolong the annual “acceptable indoor temperature” of residential areas in southern Hunan by 397.6 hours,which significantly improves the indoor thermal environment in summer.The water extends the “acceptable indoor temperature” of residential areas in southern Hunan by 194.5 hours.Although the improvement of the indoor thermal environment by water is only one third of that of trees,the water does not aggravate the cold sensation in winter.(4)By comparing the cooling performance of 4 greening modes,it was found that modular greening performed the best at improving the annual indoor thermal environment of residential areas in southern Hunan.The annual duration of “acceptable indoor temperature” corresponding to modular greening,box greening and terrestrial greening is 6431.6hours,5976.1 hours,and 5261.3 hours respectively.In summer(the maximum cooling season)the daily average temperature decreased by vertical greening is 0.56 ℃,and it can extend the annual duration of“acceptable indoor temperature” by 37.3 hours.Roof greening has a weaker impact on the indoor thermal environment in southern Hunan,which only increases the “acceptable indoor temperature” by up to 9.0hours.Unlike greenings,window to wall ratio has a significant impact on the indoor thermal environment of residential areas.When the window to wall ratio is lower than 40%,the duration of indoor cooling demand in southern Hunan residential area will also increase by 1% for every 1%increase in the window to wall ratio.The innovations of this paper are as follows:(1)an evaluation method is proposed based on the “annual cycle” instead of a “typical summer meteorological day” to study the climate responsive design in hot summer and cold winter climate area;(2)The relationship between residential planning parameters and indoor thermal environment is revealed in relation to green planning and green building design;(3)The annual periodic evaluation method of “ENVI-MET+Kriging” is proposed,which is suitable for the study of the thermal effect of spatial parameters in other climatic regions.This study can provide a direct guidance for the optimization of the residential indoor thermal environment in southern Hunan and promote low-carbon residential planning in hot summer and cold winter climate zones.