Study On The Spatial Form Of Traditional Villages In Western Henan

Western Henan is located in China’s second and third-class terrain and the transition zone of North-South climate.After many national migrations,conflicts and integration,and through long-term political and cultural construction of "in the world",it presents typical "middle" location characteristics and transitional characteristics,and breeds rich traditional village space forms.In recent years,the research on traditional villages in western Henan has achieved gratifying results,but at present,the research focus is on cave villages,the integrity and systematicness of the research results are not enough,and there are academic deficiencies of emphasizing cases over the whole and emphasizing material over spirit.Based on the perspective of architecture and cultural anthropology,drawing on the relevant theories of sociology,this paper taked the traditional village space in western Henan as the research object.Put forward the village space analysis mode of "situation ←relationship → space",and formed a discussion system with its three levels of material space(surface),social space(middle)and spiritual space(deep).This paper explored the generation environment and historical evolution of traditional villages in western Henan,and determined the cultural zoning of traditional villages.This paper analyzed the overall form,spatial composition law and regional comparison of villages,and summarized the regional spatial form characteristics of villages.This paper discussed the social space form of traditional villages in western Henan,and clarified the internal relationship between social structure and village ritual space,defense space and livelihood space.By analyzing the environment taboo space,temple and house belief space,etiquette space of Life Trilogy,residential decoration and dynamic aesthetic space of traditional villages in western Henan,this paper revealed the rich spiritual space form and cultural connotation of villages in western Henan.It showed the spatial form,deep structure,spiritual core and meaning of traditional villages in western Henan from three levels of material,society and spirit.To promote the sustainable development of space and culture of traditional villages in western Henan.With the "dominant factor method",the traditional villages in western Henan are divided into two cultural sub regions and five cultural communities.Surface type traditional villages and cave traditional villages take "addition" and "subtraction" as the spatial construction logic respectively.The former has clear village boundary,village center and group center from outside to inside,showing the characteristics of coordination with the environment,while the latter has loose spatial structure,no obvious center,free and flexible layout,which is completely dependent on the environment;In the process of forming village space by house combination,terrain slope,road direction and orientation custom have alternately become the dominant factors of space combination;The surface courtyard in western Henan presents a typical "ultra narrow courtyard" shape.From west to East,the entrance of cave dwellings in western Henan changes from large to small,and the space at the bottom of the kiln changes from narrow to wide.The strength of the ritual characteristics of village space is highly related to the organizational ability of large families in the village.In the mixed surnamed village with weak family organization,only folk houses and ancestral halls show a common form of strong ritual system.In the single surnamed village with strong family organization,the whole village space shows strong ritual characteristics.Due to the periodic social unrest,the traditional villages in western Henan have shown the characteristics of defense space,derived three types of defensive fortresses: Official and private type,refugee bandit and bandit type and manor self-defense type,and formed a six level Defense Space System of "terrain Boundary Street house group house building" with the combination of points and lines and in-depth layers;Affected by the livelihood environment,agricultural production has continuously refined the traditional village space inward,forming an "inward" multi circle production and living space from the outside to the inside.Around the rural grass-roots market,a hierarchical and systematic "export-oriented" market village circle space system with the market as the core and closely connected with several villages has been formed.The environmental taboo culture in western Henan integrates various restrictive relations into village space,neighborhood space and house space,and substantially forms the localization group construction constraints;The belief space of the public temple in western Henan carries the collective consciousness of the village community.There is a delicate relationship between the temple and the village.The "Village Association" is fully combined with the folk houses,forming a unique form of "house Temple integration".All kinds of temples maintain a "cluster" influence on the families in the village;The belief space of western Henan courtyard is a space system with the courtyard wall and gate as the space boundary and the nave and courtyard as the organizational core.It has the spatial image of "human and God living together" coexisting with secularization and sanctification.The three ritual activities of "birth","marriage" and "burial" in western Henan hide the spatial opposition structure and time series relationship full of game.The ritual widely integrates and connects all kinds of spaces,forming a meaningful ritual space system.The ritual and ritual space are the sense of place,belonging,identity and "relocation" of the traditional villages in western Henan One of the main factors for the emergence of ideas;The decorative aesthetic space of traditional village houses in western Henan and the dynamic aesthetic space represented by temple fairs and dramas are the result of the joint action of regional culture and community psychology.They are the most relaxed and creative space in the village.The decoration of folk houses shows the aesthetic characteristics of inclusiveness,while the temple fair and drama space show the aesthetic taste of the coexistence of Secularity and pleasure.