Research On Traditional Villages And Vernacular Houses In Fujian Based On Cultural Geography

Nowadays,the general trend of the gradual loss of the material form of Chinese traditional villages can hardly be reversed.How to effectively study and protect the historical creation of these diversity has become an urgent problem to be solved.The historical legacy of various and rich forms of traditional village houses in Fujian provides quite sufficient samples for interpreting the architectural art,rural life,ethnic contradictions and even political will at the end of Chinese feudal society.Previous studies on traditional villages and folk houses in Fujian have shown that most of them are presented in the form of individual cases or special research topics on villages and folk houses in local areas.Some of them also pay attention to the cultural causes behind the space,but they still lack conclusive persuasion.For example,Hakka Earth Buildings and southern Fujian earth buildings are similar in appearance,but have very different internal structures,Most studies focus on the "difference" of space,but no one can scientifically explain the "same" from the source.For another example,there are many kinds and rich forms of defensive folk houses in Fujian.The existing research mainly focuses on a single type,which is the most fruitful part of the early research results of traditional folk houses in Fujian.However,now we gradually realize that this research system can not obtain the deep correlation between the social life of the subject and the composition of space.It emphasizes more on the material shell of the subject,while ignoring the characteristics of people as the subject of space and the role of people’s group life in shaping space.For example:Why are the red brick houses in Quanzhou the most red in the same coastal commercial port towns? Why are there many different types of folk houses in the same village? Are they intrinsically related? Why were large-scale and widely distributed defensive buildings built after the Ming Dynasty? These defensive buildings are generally large and can not be built by individuals and small families.Who advocated their construction? Where does the money come from? How is space allocated? These problems are closely related to people’s social life at that time,and previous studies can not give a full explanation.To answer these questions well,we need to go deep into the specific historical and geographical environment of the region and master more dynamic spatio-temporal dimension data.The digital collection and transformation of traditional village information is a necessary way.Only by constructing the database of traditional villages and folk houses,studying the efficient management structure of village folk house cultural data,and overlapping multi-level and multi temporal cultural data,can we maximize the efficiency of cultural heritage,carry out wider and more detailed systematic research,and enable the innovation of other cultural forms.Therefore,this paper uses quantitative,qualitative,static and dynamic analysis methods,with the help of Microsoft SQL Server database,spatial database engine Arc SDE and web frontend technology,to sample all satellite images with the characteristics of traditional villages and houses in Fujian Province,including those villages submerged in the flood of urbanization and few traditional buildings,At the same time,we also conducted field research visits and collected field survey data of 459 village samples.In this process,we are also constantly verifying,revising and supplementing the type and spatial distribution database of folk houses(villages).The concept of "cultural gene" is introduced to establish a cultural gene system covering three categories and nine sub categories,including village administrative location,natural environment,material spatial form,non-material human form and other fields,and then all gene factors are linked to the attribute database.From this,1026 towns(streets)in Fujian are established As a unit of traditional villages and residential culture geographic information database.With the help of three basic theories of architectural typology,social history and cultural geography,it involves three research levels of folk houses,villages and regions to explore the type classification,characteristic distribution and causes.Starting from the database,the content framework of the paper is formed according to the logical route of "presenting distribution characteristics-delimiting cultural areas according to distribution law-close-up local cultural landscape-analyzing the influence mechanism of each cultural area".Firstly,the distribution characteristics of different cultural and geographical factors are obtained by statistical analysis,and the distribution law is judged by the distribution ratio.Secondly,under the guidance of the principles and methods of cultural zoning,taking the type of folk houses as the leading factor and according to the superposition of multidimensional data layers,the cultural areas and sub areas of traditional villages and folk houses in Fujian are delimited,and finally four cultural areas and 11 cultural sub areas are formed.Then,in order to more deeply present the explanatory power of cultural geography to Fujian traditional villages,this paper focuses on the characteristics of the spatial evolution of villages and dwellings under the guidance of different influencing factors in three topics,from the perspective of the periodic change of village organizational structure,the perspective of social conflict change acting on spatial entities,and the perspective of finding development balance in natural confrontation,This paper discusses the cultural landscape characteristics of the development and evolution of villages in different periods and regions in the past.Finally,through in-depth analysis of the formation and distribution mechanism of various cultural areas,it is found that:(1)the formation mechanism of macro cultural areas is mainly reflected in the differences of cultural integration caused by long-time and long-distance diachronic migration,the influence of factors such as economic role and the asynchronous process of technological progress,and the differences of physical and geographical structure between coastal and inland areas,The connection of inland river basin promotes the imitation of group architectural culture,and the dynamic development of clan organizational structure in different regions will also affect the layout form of traditional folk houses.(2)There is a gradual relationship between the enclosed small family cultural areas in Northern Fujian from "north to South" and from "inland to coastal",which is consistent with the entrance and flow direction of immigrants from the central plains into Fujian.It is affected by the dominant period of Fujian immigrants’ main families after the song and Yuan Dynasties.(3)Between the enclosed large family cultural areas in central and Western Fujian,there is a gradual relationship from small family living style to large family living together.Under the impact of many major historical events,Fujian has experienced the disintegration and reconstruction of clan organizational structure.The influence mechanism is the needs of periodic expansion of population,expansion of marine trade and consolidation of clan alliance.(4)There is an iterative relationship between the closed defensive cultural areas in central and southern Fujian from "coastal to inland" and from "villages to residential buildings".The commodity economy is prosperous,but the business environment is abnormal.The proliferation of Japanese pirates and pirates increases the risk of doing business.In the protracted turmoil,some of them act as military fortresses to form a regional defensive cultural area.(5)There is a progressive relationship between coastal open marine cultural areas from the center to the two ends of the coastal belt,showing significant transitional and integrated characteristics.