| Since Joseph Schumpeter pointed out that innovation is the essence of economic development,governments all over the world have been committed to improving the ability of scientific and technological innovation to promote economic growth.As the most concentrated industry of high-tech core technology,equipment manufacturing industry’s scientific and technological strength directly affects a country’s interest distribution and industrial pattern,and determines the international competitiveness of a country’s industry.Since the reform and opening up,made in China has entered the global value chain with the advantage of low-end factor endowment.China’s equipment manufacturing industry has benefited from the international division of labor as a whole.At the same time,the foreign trade has "low priority".Until the beginning of the 21 st century,China’s equipment manufacturing industry is still in the low position in the global value chain.Although the industrial competitiveness has been improving every year,China’s independent innovation ability of equipment manufacturing is not as good as that of the United States,Japan,Germany and other developed countries.At present,its competitiveness dynamic mechanism is still in the transition stage from scale driven to innovation driven.At the same time,developed countries are highly vigilant against "Chinese innovation" by raising tariffs,restricting the sale of domestic advanced technologies,strengthening intellectual property protection,directly cutting off the supply of high-end core parts,and drawing developing countries to take isolated measures against China,which makes it more difficult for China’s equipment manufacturing industry to break through the low position in the global value chain.At the same time,some emerging economies such as Southeast Asia have begun to force the transformation and upgrading of China’s manufacturing industry due to their low-cost advantages in manufacturing industry.This paper takes China’s equipment manufacturing industry as the research object,according to the theories of global value chain,total factor productivity and industrial upgrading,and from the domestic and international perspectives,firstly analyzes the current situation of China’s equipment manufacturing industry,and comes to the conclusion that China’s international competitiveness of equipment manufacturing industry still needs to be improved,and its position in the global value chain needs to be further improved.Then it analyzes the current situation and trend of total factor productivity of China’s equipment manufacturing industry,which is also based on international and domestic perspectives.From the perspective of international comparison,in terms of industry as a whole,the total factor productivity of China’s equipment manufacturing listed companies is lower than that of the United States,Japan and Germany,and the technology gap with these equipment manufacturing powers is narrowing;in terms of industry segmentation,China’s electronic communication equipment industry has a better comparative advantage;in terms of enterprise ranking,China’s equipment manufacturing has a strong advantage in the number of advanced enterprises China does not lack of model advanced enterprises,but there are a large number of backward enterprises,which reduce the overall strength of equipment manufacturing industry,and the technology spillover of advanced enterprises in China is limited.From the domestic perspective,there is regional heterogeneity in China’s equipment manufacturing industry.This paper analyzes it from three aspects: input factor endowment,industry segmentation and production factor type.On the contribution of total factor productivity of China’s equipment manufacturing industry,the theoretical framework of the contribution part is firstly established.Then,from both theoretical and empirical aspects,through formula deduction and empirical test,it is proved that the total factor productivity of China’s equipment manufacturing industry makes an important contribution to industrial economic growth and the promotion of global value chain status.The results show that: the improvement of TFP can promote industrial economic growth,and also plays a positive role in promoting the international status of the industry.It is an important path to improve the international status of China’s equipment manufacturing industry.Each region of China’s equipment manufacturing industry needs to change from "factor driven" to "efficiency driven",so as to promote the upgrading of the overall global value chain and the regional industrial transformation and upgrading.This paper analyzes the regional differences of total factor productivity of China’s equipment manufacturing enterprises from two aspects: the measurement of total factor productivity of each urban agglomeration and the influencing factors of total factor productivity.As for the influencing factors of TFP,this paper first puts forward the theoretical hypothesis of influencing factors in the theoretical framework.In the empirical chapter,the fixed effect,double difference,PSM tendency score matching,intermediary transmission and other methods are used to test.The research finds that some factors have universal influence on TFP,and at the same time,the urban agglomerations also show influence The regional heterogeneity of factors.Universality is based on the whole sample of enterprises,the regional industrial policy,market openness,and total factor productivity of equipment manufacturing enterprises are positively correlated;R&D investment and total factor productivity of enterprises are negatively correlated,R&D output is positively correlated with it;business diversification and enterprise earnings management behavior are negatively correlated with total factor productivity of enterprises respectively;enterprise finance is negatively correlated with total factor productivity of enterprises The characteristics of regional heterogeneity are as follows: there is a positive correlation between regional industrial policy and TFP of equipment manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao,Shandong Peninsula,central and southern Liaoning,Harbin and Changsha;there is a positive correlation between enterprise market openness and TFP of equipment manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao,and there is a positive correlation between enterprise market openness and TFP of equipment manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong,Hong Kong and Macao The results show that the total factor productivity of equipment manufacturing enterprises in the Yangtze River Delta,Beijing Tianjin Hebei,hubaoer,Shandong Peninsula,central and southern Liaoning,Kazakhstan and Changzhou is negatively correlated;R&D expenditure is negatively correlated with the total factor productivity of equipment manufacturing industry in most urban agglomerations,especially causing negative consumption to Shandong Peninsula,central and southern Liaoning,Kazakhstan and Changzhou;R&D output is negatively correlated with the development of Yangtze River Delta,Sichuan and Chongqing,Guanzhong,and Western China There is a positive correlation between diversification and TFP of equipment manufacturing enterprises in Central Guizhou,Central Yunnan;there is a negative correlation between diversification and TFP of equipment manufacturing enterprises in Beijing Tianjin Hebei,hubao’e,Shandong Peninsula,central and southern Liaoning,Harbin Changsha,Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Bay area,middle reaches of Yangtze River,Central Plains and Taiyuan;there is a negative correlation between earnings management and TFP of equipment manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Bay area,Yangtze River Delta,Beijing Tianjin Hebei,hubao’e,middle reaches of Yangtze River and middle reaches of Yangtze River There is a negative correlation between the total factor productivity of equipment manufacturing enterprises in Yuancheng,Taiyuan,the west coast of the Straits and Beibu Gulf,and a positive correlation between enterprise financialization and the total factor productivity of equipment manufacturing enterprises in most urban agglomerations.At the same time,the study also finds that capital factors,openness,regional market system,regional industrial development and regional economic development enlarge the regional differences of TFP of equipment manufacturing enterprises.There are two factors to further explore on the basis of the whole factor productivity: one is the whole factor productivity upgrading path.At the regional difference level of TFP,according to the measurement results,trend and current situation analysis of TFP of equipment manufacturing industry in China’s urban agglomerations,the upgrading path of China’s equipment manufacturing industry with "domestic circulation" and "international circulation" as the main line is given: first,in China,the equipment manufacturing industry in urban agglomerations can be further optimized through orderly industrial transfer and transformation According to the existing advantages of the equipment manufacturing industry,we should carry out classified governance.Second,one belt,one road,one belt,one road and one main area,should be maintained in the international market.The international value chain should be increased by the international market of value and the total value of the total factor productivity.The next step is to divide the whole industry into a more precise and precise docking within the same level.The international cooperation is also necessary.The international cooperation is the key to the global cooperation.The international cooperation is the key to the global value chain.The international cooperation is based on the "two points".In the aspect of heterogeneity of TFP influencing factors,it is a further exploration on the empirical results of TFP influencing factors.This paper attempts to provide scientific theoretical support and empirical evidence for the transformation and upgrading of China’s equipment manufacturing industry from the government level,enterprise level and urban agglomeration level. |
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