Multi-Dimensional Evaluation,Construction And Visualization Of Environmental Quality In Fuzhou National Forest Park Based On Sensory Experience

With the prosperously socio-economic development and the ever-increasing supply of materials,people are gradually shifting their pursuit of material objects to their desire for cultural and spiritual worlds.After they feel the noise of the urban areas,citizens are increasingly fond of the natural environment.Travelling ecologically and healthily has become a new trend.Due to the large differences from the urban areas conditions,forest park has formed a unique environment,providing visitors with comfortable sightseeing leisure venues with its rich forest landscape,beautiful natural soundscape,high air quality and unique climate regulation function.Forest Park is becoming the main destination for people to travel.In order to build better forest parks,a comprehensive survey and analysis based on multi-dimensional sensory experience including visual,auditory,air quality,comfort level is an important means of monitoring and enhancing the environmental quality of Forest Park.Based on the sensory experience,this study takes Fuzhou National Forest Park as the typical representative of forest park in the subtropical region of South China,and explores the seasonal and diurnal variation of environmental quality,the influencing factors of environmental quality changes,the site conditions and the environmental quality of each dimension.Multi-dimensional data of sensory experience of 17 recreation areas in the Botany Park,Daguan Garden Scenic Area of Fuzhou National Forest Park were monitored on the non-rainy days(sunny days,cloudy days,etc.)during January 2015 to December 2016:(1)Using GIS for visual spatial analysis;(2)Evaluating the beauty of the landscape by emphasizing the evaluation of plant landscape values;(3)Using the sound level meter to collect volume data;(4)C.ollecting soundscape data through questionnaires for visitors’subjective feedback;(5)The use of air analyzer for negative ions,atmospheric particulate matter concentration and oxygen concentration data acquisition;(6)The use of microclimate monitor temperature,humidity,wind speed,pressure,wet bulb index and other human comfort indicators;Through 505 questionnaires distributed,the tourist preference was analyzed and according to the tourists’ travel preferences and expert feedbacks,the Forest Park Sensory Experience Comprehensive Evaluation Index(FECI)was established to make a comprehensive evaluation of the Fuzhou National Forest Park.(8)Lastly.using visual rendering technology making the sense of forest park experience visualizedby intuitive data.The results show that Fuzhou National Forest Park is highly suitable for travel.Visual landscape had obvious spatial variation,and showed seasonal and diurnal variation along with seasonal changes of plant.The four seasons of the volume were within the comfortable range.Except the entrance square,the subjective evaluation scores of all monitoring sites were all positive,indicating that tourists were satisfied with the sound landscape of Fuzhou Forest Park;The air quality of the environment is only low in winter,but still close to the appropriate level of tourism with high overall level;Human comfort index changesa lot in different seasons where summer and autumn are more comfortable to travel and spring and winter are less comfortable by contrast because tourism only is only suitable in the noon and afternoon.From the Senses Sensory Experience Comprehensive Evaluation Index(FECI),Fuzhou National Forest Park is suitable for recreation all year round,of which summer,autumn is the best recreation season.In addition,in spring and winter,leisure timesuitable for best leisure is shorter.Study shows following results:1.In visual landscape dimension:(1)Based on GIS spatial analysis,the weighted value of the highest level of the second-level indicators is visual sensitivity(0.4748)followed by the field of view of 0.2550,the visual line of 0.1630,the point of view of 0.1072.From the third-level index,the visual acuity(0.2116)with the highest weighted value is followed by the visual-diversity(0.1700),the odds of visual sensitivity(0.1352),visual line&comfort(0.1304).The weights of the three indicators are less than 0.1.(2)Integrating all the spatial visual single factors,we can get the order of sight visual resources based on GIS with following sorting:S9>S8>S7>S6>S5>S4>S3>S2>S17>S16>S15>S14>S13>S11>S10>S1.(3)Seasonal variation analysis of landscape beauty degree value shows that:the overall performance of recreational forest land is high in spring,low in summer and then gradually rising in autumn and winter,which is obviously related to the seasonal variation of forest landscape resources.(4)The overall value of recreational forest land shows a higher value of landscape beauty in the morning and night.Value of landscape in the rest of the time is relatively fluctuant and the variation characteristics are related to the change of solar elevation angle.2.In acoustic landscape dimension:(1)The main factors that reduce the sound landscape score of Fuzhou National Forest Park are motor noise,dog noise and bee sound from sound source analysis.While music sound,spring sound,cascade sound can improve the score.(2)The volume of Fuzhou National Forest Park is highest in spring,followed by summer,autumn and winter.(3)The order of the volume of different types of open space is as follows:empty open space>waterfront open space>recreational woodland.(4)There is a strong difference in the four-seasons of daily volume variation of the whole volume.The similar diurnal variation in spring and winter showed a slow trend at 7:00-1 1:00 and a peak at 11:00,a decline occurred between I 1:00-13:00 and reached a trough at 13:00;then a rise occurred between 13:00-15:00,a second peak at 15:00,and a slow decline between 15:00-19:00.The summer and autumn showed diurnal variation characteristics of spring and winter,which showed the higher value from 7:00-9:00 and the lower value from 11:00-13:00,followed by the high value at 15:00 and then slow decline.3.In air quality dimension:atmospheric particulate matter concentration(1)The seasonal variation of atmospheric particulate concentration in Fuzhou City showed the characteristics of high in spring and winter,low in summer and autumn.The atmospheric particulate matter of different particle sizes showed different variation characteristics.Site conditions,different altitudes and different orientations resulted in some differences in the concentrations of different atmospheric particulates observed by different monitoring sites in the same season.(2)There were significant differences in the concentrations of atmospheric particulates in three types of open space in different seasons.Overall,In terms of open-air recreation,the concentration of atmospheric particles is relatively high,while the open-water recreational areas have a lower concentration of atmospheric particulate matter.(3)The diurnal variations of atmospheric particulate matter in different seasons show strong similarities among different types of open spaces but there are also differences.The diurnal variation of airborne particulate matter concentrations in three types of recreation areas are similar,with "V" or "U" shape changing characteristics of high in morning and at night,low at noon.There are some differences in the diurnal variation of the monitoring pointsin different types of open space;(4)The environment affecting the atmospheric particles factors are:maximum wind speed,average wind speed,temperature,wind chill,relative humidity,thermal index,dew point temperature and wet bulb temperature.Negative ion concentration:(1)The concentrations of negative ions in the three typical recreational areas in Fuzhou National Forest Park were the highest in summer.the lowest in autumn following by spring and winter;(2)From the annual average,however,the diurnal variations in different seasons were purely different.In addition to the V-level open-air recreation in winter(negative ion concentration less than0.4-1.0*103 ions·cm-3)the rest of the season had certain health care benefits for human;(3)The diurnal variation of air anion concentration in monitoring sites showed the diurnal variation characteristics of three peaks at 7:00-9:00,13:00-15:00 and 17:00-19:0.(4)The levels of negative ions in recreation areas are greatly influenced by meteorological factors,especially the effects of temperature and humidity.Oxygen concentration:(1)From the mean value of oxygen concentration,the summer is the highest,followed by the spring,autumn and winter;(2)From the perspective of different types of recreation land,the order of concentration was as follows:recreational woodland>water recreation>open recreation.(3)From the diurnal variation characteristics,the four seasons have the similar changing characteristics:the lowest is at 7:00,the slowest from 7:00 to 11:00,and the rapid increasedfrom 11:00 to 13:00 and reached a peak at 13:00,then sharply declined from 13:00 to 15:00 and then slowly dropped to a low level at 15:00-19:00(slightly higher than the drop).4.Dimensions of human comfort:(1)Differences existed in the seasonal mean comfort value between different types of open space.Among the three types of open space in spring,theopen-type recreation places has the highest comfort level,followed by the waterfront open space and recreational woodland;the summer recreational woodland has the highest level of comfort,and the open-type recreational space is similar to the waterfront open space;In autumn,open-type recreation places have the highest level of comfort followed by water recreation and recreation woodland;The winter comfort level of 3 kinds of recreation places did not reach the comfort degree.Open type recreation comfort level is higher than the waterfront recreation and the comfort level of recreational woodland is the lowest.(2)There are strong differences in temperature,humidity,wind speed and human comfort between different types of open space in different seasons.(3)According to the grading standards of human body climate comfort evaluation,the three types of open space showed "extremely uncomfortable" in winter and basically "comfortable" in spring,summer and autumn.(4)The diurnal variation characteristics of different seasons also have some differences.In cold seasons,spring and winter,the closer to the noon,the higher the comfort level was.While the closer to noon in warmer seasons(summer and autumn),the lower the comfort level.5.Sensory Experience Comprehensive Evaluation Index(FECI)of Forest Park:(1)According to tourist preference analysis and expert comprehensive evaluation,visual spatial analysis score,landscape beauty rating score,volume,sound source,PMs,negative ion concentration,oxygen concentration and human comfort index to construct the score standard of forest park sensory experience comprehensive evaluation index.The data covered the visual perception,auditory sense,air quality(respiratory sensation)and body climate comfort index of the forest park(Body feeling).The evaluation system not only satisfies the scientificity but also meets the needs of tourists for the excursions to the forest parks and has some guiding significance for the overall improvement of the environmental quality of the forest parks.(2)The diurnal variation of the comprehensive evaluation index of different types of open space is high in the morning and evening,high in the afternoon,low in the summer and autumn,and high in the spring and winter.(3)Compared with the three types of open space FECI analysis,the diurnal variation characteristics of the recreational woodland and waterfront recreation are similar and the scores are close,while the open space is lower and the variation is more volatile.(4)Fuzhou National Forest Park is suitable for recreational activities all year round,based on the evaluation index of forest park environmental quality.Among them,the summer and autumn are the best recreation seasons,and the three types of recreation places reach "excellent" or "good" levels at all times.The best leisure time of spring and winter is low and it is more suitable for recreationonly at noon and afternoon.In order to find out the changing rules and influencing factors of environmental quality in different sensory dimensions in Fuzhou National Forest Park,this paper analyzed the changing characteristics of various factors and their influencing factors in different seasons,different time periods and different types space,and provides data for the management and construction of managers.Based on the comprehensive evaluation of multi-dimensional environmental quality,this paper constructs the comprehensive evaluation index of forest park environmental quality according to the tourist excursion preference and expert analysis,meanwhile evaluates the Fuzhou National Forest Park according to the relevant evaluation criteria.The data supervising and data rating are also visualized,with the data concisely presented to the public which is conducive to enhancing the quality of the tourist’s recreation.