The Impact Of Dual Value Chain Embedding Of China’s Manufacturing Industries On Environmental Pollution

Since the reform and opening up,China’s extensive economic growth mode has led to serious environmental pollution,especially air and water pollution.In recent years,China’s environmental protection work has been quite effective,but China still has shortcomings in environmental protection and faces structural and trending pollution challenges.China is still in a critical period of promoting environmental performance.The report of the 20 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China points out that Chinese modernization is a modernization in which human beings live in harmony with nature.Continuously exploring new paths to effectively reduce environmental pollution and adhering to green development is a necessary path for China to achieve modernization in which human beings live in harmony with nature.With the development of the global value chain,China participates in global value chains by virtue of its huge labor advantage,and the manufacturing industry has long been embedded in the high-pollution and low-value-added link of global value chains,and is deeply embroiled in the environmental pollution predicament brought about by being stuck at the bottom of the value chain.In the background of increasing uncertainty in the international economic environment,the global value chain tends to extend to the domestic market and the national value chain is lengthening.Multiple links and long chains in national value chains are docked with global value chains.There is a trend towards synergistic development of global value chains and national value chains.The issue of the relationship between the value chain embedding and the environment has been given a new connotation.While studies investigating the environmental impacts of participating in global value chains alone are no longer sufficient to meet the need of researches under the new development pattern of “dual circulation”,few studies pay attention to the environmental impacts of participating in dual value chains taking into account national value chains.The improvement of national value chains and the interactive and coordinated development of the “chain-in-chain” dual value chains offer new possibilities for China to explore the path of environmental optimization.On this basis,distinguishing from the existing studies,this paper focuses on the impact of dual value chain embedding on environmental pollution from a new perspective of dual value chains,and analyses the environmental impacts and impact paths of the manufacture’s participation in global value chains and national value chains,and the environmental impacts and impact paths of embedding in interactive and coordinated dual value chains under the dual value chain division of labor.This paper provides a reference for China to achieve domestic and international double cycle empowering green development.Following the research idea of raising a question,describing the phenomena,constructing theoretical frameworks,conducting empirical tests,drawing conclusions and recommendations,this paper begins by analyzing the background and significance of the study and presents the core question and overall research framework.Further,this paper provides a systematic overview of the relevant theoretical and empirical studies on the relationship between dual value chain embedding and the environment,and proposes the research gap.Moreover,this paper provides an introduction to the connotation and measurement methods of dual value chains and environmental pollution,and analyses the characteristics of dual value chain embedding and environmental pollution.The possible impact of dual value chain embedding on environmental pollution is preliminarily obtained by drawing the fitting graph.Further,this paper describes the specificity of the environmental impacts of embedding in dual value chains,and the overall theoretical framework of this paper is constructed based on the theoretical model and mechanism analysis.The impact logic behind the above characteristic fact is initially interpreted at the theoretical level.This paper proposes theoretical inferences about the environmental impacts and impact paths of the manufacture’s participation in global value chains and national value chains,and the environmental impacts and impact paths of embedding in interactive and coordinated dual value chains.Following this theoretical framework,this paper further proposes hypotheses and conducts systematic empirical tests.On the one hand,this paper empirically analyses the impact of embedding in global value chains and national value chains on environmental pollution under the dual value chain division of labor from the perspective of the relationship among global value chain embedding,national value chain embedding and the environment.On the other hand,this paper investigates the impact of embedding in interactive and coordinated dual value chains on environmental pollution from the perspective of the dynamic linkages between embedding in global value chains and embedding in national value chains.Based on this,the following main conclusions are obtained.First,there are differences in the trend of changes in the degree of global value chain participation of different manufacturing industries and regions,the degree of the national value chain participation is mostly increasing year by year,the degree of coupling coordination of the dual value chains tends to rise,and the overall situation of environment in China is improving gradually.Most eastern provinces are embedding in global value chains to a greater extent,and most central and western provinces are embedding in national value chains to a greater extent.Compared to the central and western regions,the eastern provinces have a relatively higher degree of coupling coordination of the dual value chains.The manufacture of communication equipment,computer and other electronic equipment has the highest level of global value chain participation,the manufacture of metals and metal products has the highest level of national value chain participation,and the manufacture of food and tobacco products has a relatively low level of coupling coordination of the dual value chains.In addition,the difference in pollution emission intensity between regions and industries is gradually decreasing.Compared with the central and western regions,most eastern provinces are less polluted.The manufacture of paper and the manufacture of chemicals are more polluting,while industries with high technological content are less polluting.Second,the global value chain participation of manufacturing enterprises has an inverted U-shaped and non-linear impact on environmental pollution under the dual value chain division of labor,and increasing the national value chain participation can help improve the environment.Increasing the global value chain participation leads to an increase and then a decrease in the enterprise pollution emission intensity,with most of the samples not yet exceeding the inflection point value of the global value chain participation,which mainly shows the effect of exacerbating environmental pollution.This impact is mainly generated through the green technology progress channel from the front-end pollution control perspective and the investment in pollution treatment channel from the end-of-pipe pollution treatment perspective,and it varies according to the characteristics of enterprises,industries and regions.Increasing the national value chain participation can reduce environmental pollution by promoting enterprise green technology progress and investment in pollution treatment.Further analysis shows that increasing the national value chain participation can make the inverted U-shaped curve describing the relationship between global value chain embedding and environmental pollution steeper,shift the inflection point to the left,and make the curve move downwards.That is,it improves the two ends of the curve and optimizes the top of the curve which promotes enterprises to get out of the pollution dilemma as soon as possible in the process of participating in global value chains.Third,the coupling coordination of “chain in chain” dual value chains under the dual value chain embeddedness can reduce environmental pollution.The coupling coordination of the dual value chains can reduce the enterprise emission intensity,which is mainly generated by promoting green technology progress from the front-end pollution control perspective and investment in pollution treatment from the end-ofpipe pollution treatment perspective based on the perspective of firms’ own growth.Moreover,this paper focuses on the influence channel from the perspective of “interenterprise” structural change,it is found that the coupling coordination of the dual value chains reduces the pollution emission intensity at the province-industry level by promoting static and dynamic resource reallocation among enterprises.The pollution reduction effect of the coupling coordination of the dual value chains is more obvious for the non-state-owned enterprises,the large-scale enterprises,the high capital intensive industries,the high-polluting industries and eastern regions.Forth,the coupling coordination of “chain in chain” dual value chains under the dual value chain embeddedness can generate spatial spillover effects that promote environmental improvement.The coupling coordination of the dual value chains can not only reduce the local pollution emission intensity,but also promote pollution reduction in spatially linked areas,and the increased degree of regional industrial structural cleanliness plays an important role as a channel,which fully validates the influence mechanism from the perspective of “inter-industry” structural change.Further analysis shows that the spatial spillover effects of the coupling coordination of the dual value chains on the pollution emission intensity are more obvious for eastern regions and high-polluting regions,and it has spatial boundaries and shows spatial attenuation characteristics.The coupling coordination of dual value chains can not only reduce the enterprises’ own pollution emission intensity by promoting the enterprises’ green technology progress from the front-end pollution control perspective and investment in pollution treatment from the end-of-pipe pollution treatment perspective,but also promote the reallocation of resources among enterprises from the perspective of structural change,further promote the cleansing of the industrial structure,and reduce the environmental pollution of the local and spatially linked areas based on the spatial spillover effect,thus generating the effect of the overall pollution abatement.Finally,this paper proposes the following policy implications for achieve a winwin situation in terms of environmental optimization and smoothing the domestic and international double cycle.First,improve the level of embeddedness in dual value chains and the ability to control value chains,insist on promoting a high level of openness to the outside world,strengthen the positive environmental impact brought about by participating in global value chains,promote the improvement of national value chains and the efficient operation of the domestic cycle,and promote environmental improvement.Second,China should seize the new opportunity of the coupling coordination of the dual value chains,pay attention to the important impact of the coupling coordination of the dual value chains on enterprise pollution reduction,and strengthen regional synergies for emission reductions through inter-regional spillovers and “from point to surface” based on the dual value chain linkage of “chainin-chain”.Third,relevant support policies should be implemented to strengthen green technology progress and the ability to control pollution,and to promote the rational allocation of resources and the cleansing of the industrial structure,so as to provide impetus for environmental improvement.Forth,use methods in line with local circumstances and implement point-to-point support.Identify the focus points to formulate precise policies on key subjects and areas,create a development mode of healthy competition among enterprises,and implement differentiated pollution control strategies.Fifth,establish a collaborative linkage mechanism for regional pollution reduction.It is important to avoid overly independent development mode and policymaking approach.China should promote the formation of a sound long-term mechanism for environmental protection to help improve the environment.