Study Of Method Of Ecological Value Estimation On Straw Based New Energy And A Path To Carbon Neutralization

As a clean and renewable biomass resource,straw is rich in nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,magnesium,and organic matter.China is a major agricultural country with abundant straw resources.Straw benefits people when used,and waste when not used,which not only causes serious resource waste but also leads to a series of problems such as environmental pollution.Reasonable development and utilization of biomass resources such as straw can improve environmental conditions in rural areas and provide a clean energy source.It is also conducive to promoting the early realization of carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals,which is in line with China’s green sustainable development strategy.At present,the utilization of straw in China is mainly based on the utilization of straw fertilizer,straw feed,straw energy,straw based materials,and straw raw materials.They play an important role in production and daily life,including planting and fertilization,animal feed,energy supply,cultivation substrates,and board materials.With the outbreak of the global energy crisis and the continued deterioration of the ecological environment,people have a stronger desire to pursue clean energy and sustainable development.Therefore,straw energy utilization has ushered in a new development opportunity.This study mainly studied and discussed a series of issues such as the current situation of straw utilization,carbon sequestration and emission reduction potential,estimation method of ecological value of straw new energy,and carbon neutrality path of straw new energy in China.We also discussed the key technologies,industrial development,and existing problems of straw energy utilization in China.The results indicate that the overall utilization of straw in China has formed five-dimensional straw utilization model,mainly consisting of straw fertilization,feed conversion,and energy conversion,which has made a significant contribution to energy conservation and emission reduction in the agricultural and rural areas.The carbon reduction contributions of fertilizer utilization and energy utilization are particularly prominent.With the continuous progress of modern technology,the energy utilization of straw has gradually shown good market prospects and huge development potential.It has gradually become a research hotspot for scholars in China and even around the world.However,due to the impact of straw harvesting,storage,and transportation costs,the economic benefits of straw energy utilization do not have significant advantages.In addition,China has not yet established a unified accounting method system for carbon emissions from straw utilization.It is urgent to clarify the accounting boundaries,baseline,accounting methods,parameter values,etc.of each straw utilization method in order to estimate the carbon emission reduction potential of straw utilization.In the future,it is necessary to conduct a detailed technical,economic,and ecological evaluation of off field utilization methods such as straw energy utilization,and clarify the priority order for their high-value and efficient utilization.And based on this,we will provide key policies,finance,and talent support and guidance,gradually promoting the development of industrial utilization of straw after leaving the field.Based on the determination of the accounting boundary of straw new energy carbon emissions,this study first calculates the net greenhouse gas emission reduction of straw new energy according to the method of "baseline emissions-project process emissions = net greenhouse gas emission reduction",clarifies the calculation method and calculation parameter values of the baseline emission and project process emissions,and then uses the socio-economic accounting algorithm to monetize the net greenhouse gas emission reduction of straw new energy to obtain its ecological value.Therefore,a method system for estimating the ecological value of straw new energy was constructed.Through the empirical analysis of six common straw new energy sources,it is found that the ecological value of baled direct-fired >straw biogas > forming fuel heating> pyrolysis carbon gas cogeneration> bio-natural gas > cogeneration,and the ecological value of baled direct-fired,straw biogas and molding fuel heating is significantly better than other methods.Fossil fuel substitution accounts for the largest proportion of greenhouse gas emissions from the baseline and the smallest proportion of soil carbon sinks.Fossil energy,electric energy consumption and energy consumption in the process of straw collection,storage and transportation are the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions,and a reasonable straw collection radius is an effective way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the collection,storage and transportation process.In addition,the study also found that due to the late start of China’s carbon trading market,carbon price fluctuations are relatively large,which seriously affects the market conditions of carbon trading in various fields,and it is urgent to establish a unified carbon emission accounting system to regulate the carbon trading market and improve the transparency and fairness of carbon emission trading.Energy utilization of straw is an inevitable choice in the context of the current global energy crisis and the goal of carbon neutrality in China’s agricultural sector.It is also one of the effective ways for China’s agriculture to achieve high-quality and sustainable development.According to China’s "dual carbon" policy,combined with the industrial development,industry norms,and key technology research and development issues in the process of utilizing straw new energy,it is recommended to carry out relevant work from the following three aspects.Firstly,we should provide support policies for the development of straw new energy industry in terms of policies,finance,and talent,in order to reduce production costs,expand industrial scale,and form industrial advantages.Moreover,straw new energy utilization should be included in the carbon neutrality industry chain and carbon trading market.We should promote the carbon neutrality process of straw new energy by establishing and improving the carbon emission accounting system and carbon emission monitoring system of straw new energy utilization,obtaining the certification of carbon emission reduction institutions,and developing carbon tax system.Finally,breaking through technical barriers in various aspects such as low-carbon utilization technology of straw,processing technology such as straw pretreatment,fermentation,purification,and clean production process of straw,in order to improve the efficiency of straw new energy utilization.