Study On Flotation Process And Industrial Applications Of Copper And Gold Resources In Tonglushan Deep Deposit

The complex sulphide copper ore in the deep deposit of Tonglushan is associated with valuable metals such as gold and silver,but after the Tonglushan copper and iron ore open pit closed in 2008,its replacement resource is the deep underground XI ore body,the mining method has been transferred from open pit to underground,the nature of the ore has changed significantly,the previous beneficiation process is no longer applicable to this kind of ore,so in-depth optimisation of the beneficiation process has become the industrial application of copper and gold resources in the deep ore of Tonglushan.Therefore,in-depth optimisation of the beneficiation process has become a priority for the industrial application of copper and gold resources from deep ores of Tonglushan.In this paper,the study of Tonglushan deep-seated ores is focused on the key issues of efficient flotation of copper minerals and comprehensive recovery of associated gold resources,and the characteristics of Tonglushan deep-seated polymetallic ores are explored through process mineralogical studies.The adsorption mechanisms of the trap and metal ions on the mineral surfaces were also revealed by the combination of tests.Based on this,a nature-matched flotation process was developed for deep ore of Tonglushan,which was broadened to industrial production application studies to achieve synergistic and efficient recovery of copper and associated gold and silver.The main research findings and innovations are as follows:The process mineralogy of the deep ores of the Tonglushan is described.The main copper-bearing minerals in the deep ores of the Tonglushan include chalcopyrite,porphyrite and chalcopyrite.Gold is mainly present in the form of natural gold and silver-gold ores,mostly loaded in chalcopyrite,pyrite,chalcopyrite and some vein minerals.The vast majority of gold and useful minerals with conjoined package,with chalcopyrite and pyrite conjoined package of gold is easier to be flotation recovery,by vein mineral conjoined package of gold is difficult to achieve dissociation,only part of the conjoined with vein mineral gold can be flotation recovery.Silver in the ore mainly in the form of gold and silver solid solution,a small amount of silver tellurite and silver sulfur bismuth copper ore in the form of endowment,most of the silver tellurite and chalcopyrite conjoined or wrapped,flotation is very easy to be recovered,a small amount of silver interspersed in the vein minerals,difficult to dissociate.Compared with the open-pit mining ore,the copper oxidation rate in the deep deposit is lower,but the secondary copper sulfide is higher（mainly for bornite）,the mineral distribution size becomes finer,and the gold content in gangue minerals increases.The results provide mineralogical basis for the effective recovery of copper and gold resources.The adsorption mechanism and action mechanism of three pure copper sulfide minerals on sodium butyl xanthate,sodium butyl xanthate and ethyl thiamine as single collector,sodium butyl xanthate/ethyl thiamine,MB/MOS-2 and sodium butyl xanthate/butyl ammonium black as combined collector,and Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺and Fe³⁺metal ions were revealed.Flotation tests show that the combined trap has a synergistic effect and is more effective than the single trap in flotation.Infrared spectroscopy and adsorption tests show that chemisorption of the single trapping agent occurs on the mineral surface.The adsorption pattern of the traps on the surface of copper sulphide minerals was tested by AFM.It was found that the single traps showed dense spot adsorption on the surface of copper sulphide minerals,and the adsorption height of butyl sodium yellow and butyl ammonium black was greater than that of ethionite on the surface of chalcopyrite,porphyry and pyroxene.Electrochemical analysis shows that the adsorption of the three trapping agents leads to the formation of organometallic salts on the surface of the mineral electrodes,preventing the oxidation of the mineral surface itself,and that the hydrophobic layer of organometallic salts formed by the trapping agents on the mineral surface can improve the floatability of the mineral.The combination of trapping agents can improve the flotation recovery of copper sulphide minerals under certain conditions,and the optimum mass ratio is 3:1.The combination of trapping agents on the mineral surface is a dense dot adsorption,adsorption density and adsorption height are greater than the single trapping agent,indicating that the combination of trapping agents on the surface of the mineral occurs in a synergistic adsorption.AFM tests showed that the gravitational and adhesive forces between the chalcopyrite particles were maximised in the combined trap system,thus facilitating the stabilisation of the particle agglomeration system and reducing the probability of desorption.The effect of metal ions on the flotation of copper sulphide minerals was confirmed by tests in which Ca²⁺and Mg²⁺had little effect on the flotation of the three copper sulphide minerals in a single trap flotation system,but Fe³⁺showed a significant inhibition on all copper sulphide minerals,especially the spotted copper ore,which was most strongly inhibited by Fe³⁺,probably mainly as Fe（OH）₃ precipitation on the surface of the minerals,resulting in increased hydrophilicity and inhibition.It is inhibited.The combination of trapping agents can reduce the inhibitory effect of metal ions on copper sulphide to a certain extent,making Fe³⁺less inhibitory to copper sulphide flotation.It provides theoretical reference value for the subsequent design of the beneficiation process in the Tonglushan deep ore.The process optimisation process for the deep ore of Tonglushan was explored in depth,and the flotation process for copper and gold resources was determined and applied in production practice.The copper and gold resources recovery process study determined the ore grinding fineness,clarified the combination of trap agent chemical system,using a coarse two sweep and a fine flotation process,the original ore grade of copper,gold and silver were 1.05%,15.92g/t and 0.68g/t respectively,process optimization flotation,copper concentrate grade of copper,gold and silver were 21.18%,287.95g/t and 11.36g/t respectively,the recovery rate The recovery rates reached 94.08%,77.59%and 84.12%respectively.Combined with the field production experience,the process was extended to the production application of the 4500t/d Tonglushan deep mine by optimizing crushing and grinding classification system,adding automatic detection and control system,adopting the copper fast flotation process and treating part of the rougher concentrates directly as concentrate products.The flotation process and equipment selection eventually form a complete sorting system for the Tonglushan deep ore to achieve simultaneous and efficient recovery of copper and gold resources.In the past five years,the profits of the new beneficiation plant have increased by more than RMB 2.435 billion,with significant increases in economic benefits and social benefits.The process flow optimization and equipment selection transformation increased copper concentrate grade by 0.47%,Cu,Au,Ag recovery by 0.7%,2.2%2.3%,resulting in a significant increase in economic benefits and enhanced social benefits.