| The logistics industry has opened new strategic perspectives in establishing its overlap with economic growth,carbon emission,and Information and communication technology(ICT)applications.Such overlap makes this industry become an entity involving complex systems and management technology in facing globalization and modern social demands.Particularly,carbon emission in such an interface evolves differently across the various parts of the world under a given set of demographics and social,national,and geographical preferences.Such a situation leads to increasingly stringent environmental standards,which constantly mount long-run risks to the current developmental activities of the logistics industry.In this background,in a developing country,like Pakistan,where the carbon regulations are not strict compared to developed countries,tomorrow’s carbon implications may overlap with the long-run(futuristic)impact of current technological development activities of the national logistics industry.Since logistics industry investment requires a long-term orientation,therefore,the current development of the Pakistan logistics industry might be at greater risk.Such risks might have a bigger impact considering limited resources when Pakistan is seeking logistics industry development through economic development and prosperity,i.e.,investing in low technological resources for a short-term gain,regardless of its linkage with multiple associated future after-effects.Accordingly,the country is ignoring the long-run prospects of the current technological development activities of the logistics industry.This scenario demands an understanding of a comprehensive view of most logistics industry components from a much closer geographic perspective through simultaneous estimates of short-run and long-run effects from three perspectives.Accordingly,this thesis presents three innovation points directed to refine the understanding of the relationship of logistics industry components from multiple perspectives,which is an area mainly analyzed from a general perspective by existing literature.The first point is aimed at reefing the understanding of the relationship of Pakistan’s logistics industry and economic development.Accordingly,the thesis explores the logistics industry and economic growth from a more specific perspective by using time series analysis of the dynamic variables and their inter-related influence in the short and long run.Accordingly,the Vector Autoregression(VAR)model is applied to the most updated time series data of investment for the Pakistan logistics industry from 1990 to2020.The empirical findings endorse the previous studies’ outcomes and recognize the importance of sustainable economic development concerning continuously improving the logistics industry.Interestingly,a unidirectional relation is observed that economic growth leads to the development of the logistics industry—economic growth exerts a significant demand-pull effect on Pakistan’s logistics.It implies that logistic industrial development is comparatively quicker in the geographical areas where economic growth is higher than in those areas where economic growth is low.To conclude this point’s findings,logistics industry reforms should prioritize the selected geographical areas in improving the economy that would lead to the modern logistics industry.The second point aimed at reefing the relation of the logistics industry to carbon emission,which also interfere with economic growth— an overlap is needing customized insight of the logistics industry while simultaneously estimating its short-run and longrun effects.Accordingly,a competent analysis was conducted for logistics industry components in relation to economic prosperity,energy consumption,trade,and carbon emission from a more specific regional perspective of a developing country.Methodologically,an autoregressive distributive lag model(ARDL)is employed using correlative analysis of the dynamic variables and their inter-related influence in both the short and long run on this relation using time-series data of Pakistan from 1990 to 2020.The empirical findings show that an increase in carbon emission depends on trade development,energy consumption,economic growth,and the logistics industry’s various components,except for air logistics.Interestingly,study results show a unidirectional long-run causality running from economic growth,logistics industry,energy consumption,and trade development to carbon emission.Moreover,these results also revealed that this emission is the leading factor in introducing stringent emission standards,which further overlap with regional demographic trends,i.e.,carbon emission implications.These findings imply that economic growth exerts a significant demand-pull effect on national logistics,i.e.,regional economic growth leads to the development of the logistics industry in the corresponding region.Consequently,high-income geographical regions have a higher long-run risk concerning contemporary developmental activities of the logistics industry when adhering to carbon emission standards.Particularly,the influence of upcoming emission standards must be prioritized when planning the future returns of contemporary research and development activities of the logistics industry in a given geographic area.The third innovation point is aimed at refining the relationship of the logistics industry concerning ICT,which has become much more complex considering its association with economic growth and carbon emission.Accordingly,an investment in the logistics industry was analyzed in relation to economic prosperity,ICT,trade,and carbon emission to observe the short-run and long-run effects of dynamic variables and their interaction.Accordingly,the autoregressive distributive lag model(ARDL)is applied to observe a close regional perspective of a developing economy like Pakistan using time-series data from 1990 to 2020.The study findings observe a unidirectional long-run causality running from economic prosperity,logistics industry,ICT,and trade to carbon emission.Interestingly,regional economic growth exerts a significant demandpull effect on corresponding regional logistic development and associated ICT.These findings imply that high-income geographical regions will continue to face low technological investments that correspond to higher long-run futuristic risks of the contemporary investment in logistics industry development when adhering to everevolving carbon emission standards under regional preferences.Accordingly,these regions should be given urgent attention concerning high-technology and artificial intelligence applications in developing economies.In summary,these three innovative points aimed at refining the existing understanding of the logistics industry concerning its overlap with other variables in view of futuristic impacts.These points have many implications for understanding this overlap in developing economies like Pakistan under the limited availability of technological and general resource efficiencies.The overall statistical analysis can be generalized to other developing economies with similar characteristics,like vast geographical area,limited resources,and low-technological investment.Notably,in view of the long-term scope of logistics industry investment,this thesis highlights contemporary risks for businessoriented stockholders involved in second-hand investments in developing countries.The scope of this statistical analysis might facilitate geo-specific strategies concerning future outcomes of current investment in the traditional logistics industry.Accordingly,it may encourage upcoming investment in the modern logistics industry in developing economies with limited resources to seek sustainable development goals. |
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