Research On Carbon Emissions And Carbon Peaking Paths Of Cold Chain Equipment In China

With the sustained growth of the total consumption of perishable food and the circulation rate of cold chain,the demand and scale of cold chain logistics in China continue to increase.The cost of cold chain logistics in China reached 302.9 billion yuan by 2020.Meanwhile,the carbon emissions of cold chain logistics are also growing.According to preliminary statistics,the carbon emissions of the cold chain industry have accounted for 2.5% of the global carbon emissions.There is an urgent need for carbon reduction in the cold chain.However,the accounting methods and relevant data for carbon emissions of China’s cold chain logistics is deficient at present,and it is impossible to quantify the status of carbon emissions in each link of the cold chain.Also,there is a lack of quantitative analysis of carbon reduction methods and there is no corresponding carbon peak path,which cannot instruct the carbon reduction work of the cold chain industry.In view of the above problems,the paper proposes the accounting method of cold chain carbon emissions through theoretical,simulation,experiment and statistical analysis methods,obtains basic data,quantifies the current carbon emissions and the carbon reduction potential of various measures,and on this basis,proposes the carbon peak path of the cold chain.First of all,according to the general order of cold chain circulation,namely,cold processing,refrigeration,refrigeration transportation,refrigeration sales and refrigeration terminal related equipment,the paper determines the cold chain equipment to be accounted for.The accounting boundary of cold chain carbon emissions is defined,that is,direct carbon emissions due to refrigerant leakage and emissions and indirect emissions due to energy consumption.The basic data supporting the cold chain carbon emission accounting were obtained from large-scale experiment,automatic extraction of literature data and industry related reports.The activity data of typical equipment in each link are statistically analyzed,the characteristic variables affecting the key parameters are determined and fitted,providing cold methods and data support for cold chain carbon emission accounting.Secondly,the paper calculates the carbon emissions of typical equipment in each link of the cold chain,and reveals the main factors affecting the carbon emissions of each cold chain equipment.The bottom-up method is used to calculate the total carbon emissions of typical equipment in each link of the cold chain.It is obtained that the total carbon emissions of China’s cold chain equipment are 201.7 Mt,accounting for 2.02% of the national carbon emissions.Due to the huge inventory of related equipment,the relevant carbon emissions of refrigerated sales and refrigerated terminals accounted for 37.7% and 41.9% respectively,followed by 12.1%of refrigerated transport equipment and 7.2% of refrigerated refrigeration equipment.Due to the low penetration rate of cold processing equipment,the relevant carbon emissions accounted for only 1.1%.Thirdly,the physical model and data-driven model of components and systems are constructed for typical equipment and systems in each link of the cold chain,and verified by the data obtained from large-scale testing.Furthermore,the potential of refrigerant substitution and equipment energy efficiency improvement methods for carbon reduction is studied.Finally,the paper analyzes the carbon peak method of cold chain equipment,and the specific carbon reduction measures for eight types of equipment corresponding to five major links are determined,including the replacement of environmentally friendly refrigerants,the improvement of energy efficiency of equipment,the replacement of new energy vehicles in cold chain transportation,and the rooftop photovoltaic of cold chain links.For each specific equipment,quantitative analysis is made from the change of ownership,the change of electric power emission factors and the above carbon reduction measures,and the key factors affecting carbon reduction of each equipment are identified.The results show that under the baseline scenario,the carbon emissions will increase to 298.1 Mt.The peak carbon dioxide emissions can be reached before 2030 simply under the combined effect of carbon reduction enhancement of power and cold chain,with a peak of 207.0 Mt,and can be further reduced to 195.5 Mt by2035.Refrigerated terminals,large supermarkets,refrigeration,refrigerated transportation,display cabinets,air curtain cabinets and freezers,and cold processing can respectively contribute 30.0%,22.8%,12.5%,9.1%,5.5%,9.8%,7.5% and 1.3% of carbon reduction by2035.The roof photovoltaic of the cold storage can contribute 1.5% of carbon reduction.The above methods and conclusions provide data support for the current situation of carbon emissions in the cold chain industry,and provide a basis for the path of peak carbon dioxide emissions in the cold chain.