| In the current context of high-quality development,improving ecological well-being performance is an important way to coordinate economic growth,ecological environmental protection and the enhancement of people’s well-being.As an extremely important strategic region in China,the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration is also one of the regions with the most significant economic development gap,the most serious resource and environmental overload,and the most obvious disparity in internal livelihood development.Therefore,this study takes the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration as the research object and investigates the following issues: ecological well-being performance measurement and analysis,dynamic evolution process and convergence trend of ecological well-being performance,spatial correlation of ecological well-being performance and structural characteristics of its spatial correlation network,spatial econometric analysis of factors influencing ecological well-being performance,and the specific research contents and main findings are as follows:The ecological well-being transformation process is decomposed into the ecological-economic transformation stage and economic well-being transformation stage,the ecological well-being performance evaluation index system is constructed,the entropy-weighted TOPSIS method is used to evaluate the levels of input and output factors,and the two-stage DEA model and Malmquist index are combined to examine each stage and the comprehensive ecological well-being performance of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration 2006-2020 from a dynamic perspective.The results show that: Firstly,the level of natural consumption shows an "M" type fluctuation downward trend,the level of well-being increases gradually over the years,and the level of economic development also shows an upward development trend year by year,but the growth rate gradually slows down.Secondly,the comprehensive ecological well-being performance and the efficiency of the ecological-economic transformation stage both show positive growth trends,while the efficiency of the economic well-being transformation stage shows a decreasing trend.Thirdly,technical efficiency and technological progress jointly drive the growth of comprehensive ecological well-being performance,and technological progress is the main driving factor,and the driving factor of the efficiency of the ecological well-being transformation stage is the same as the former,while the decline of technical efficiency and technological decline jointly lead to the decline of the efficiency of the economic well-being transformation stage,and technological decline is the main cause.The kernel density estimation method is used to dissect the time series change characteristics and evolve trends of ecological well-being performance,and the traditional and spatial Markov chains are adopted to derive the transfer probability magnitude and transfer direction,and the convergence test is applied to explore the convergence relationship and catch-up characteristics.The findings show that: Firstly,the level of comprehensive ecological well-being performance increases slightly,the change in the rightward position of the kernel density curve is not obvious,and the gap between cities expands,the efficiency improvement is more obvious in the ecological-economic transformation stage,while the efficiency of economic well-being transformation stage tends to shift to the left.Secondly,the mobility of comprehensive ecological well-being performance is low throughout the period under investigation,and most of the grade transfers occur between neighboring types,with a small probability of jump transfers and a relatively high possibility of upward improvement.The type transfers of efficiency in the ecological-economic transformation stage and efficiency in the economic well-being transformation stage both have strong stability characteristics,and there is "club convergence".The type transfer of the former occurs only between neighboring types,while the latter has the probability of transferring across types,but the probability of transfer is relatively small.Whether it is the comprehensive ecological well-being performance or the efficiency of the two sub-stages,under the influence of geospatial effects,the type transfer process is under the influence of geospatial effects,the type transfer process shows spatial dependence.Thirdly,there is no σ convergence in the comprehensive performance of ecological well-being transformation process and its two-sub-stage efficiency,and there is no absolute β convergence in the efficiency of economic well-being transformation stage,and there is conditional β convergence in all three,and ecological-economic transformation stage efficiency reaches the steady-state level faster than economic well-being transformation stage efficiency.The exploratory spatial data analysis method is applied to examine the spatial correlation and spatial clustering characteristics of ecological well-being performance,and the spatial correlation network of the efficiency of each stage in the ecological well-being transformation process is constructed based on the modified gravity model and the social network analysis method,and visualized with the help of Arc GIS software.The results indicate that: Firstly,the comprehensive ecological well-being performance has a significant positive spatial correlation,and the overall spatial dependence shows an increasing trend,and the geographical distribution has path-dependent characteristics.The efficiency of the two sub-stages has a significant positive spatial correlation in the majority of years,but does not have obvious path-dependent characteristics,especially the efficiency of the ecological economic transformation stage has relatively high mobility characteristics.Secondly,the comprehensive ecological well-being performance network evolved from a "Beijing-Tianjin" dual-core correlation pattern to a "polycentric" complex network spatial structure.The spatial correlation pattern of the efficiency of the ecological-economic transformation stage underwent a major shift during the study period.A change from a network pattern with a single center of the capital city,which is clearly directional,to a complex network pattern of "polycentric",which is characterized by clear two-way mobility and tends to be balanced.In the spatially linked network of economic well-being transformation stage efficiency,Beijing is always at the core of the spatial correlation network structure and is an important support of the whole network system structure,and the proximity of geographical location has a significant impact on the network pattern distribution.The spatial panel regression model is used to investigate the effects of economic scale,urban compactness,urbanization rate,energy structure,opening-up degree,technological innovation input,environmental regulation and government intervention on the ecological well-being performance and its spatial spillover effects,and the spatial quantile regression model is further adopted to explore the sensitivity of ecological well-being performance to each factor at different quantile points.The results show that: Firstly,economic scale,energy structure and opening-up degree have negative effects on ecological well-being performance,and the inhibitory effect of economic scale is relatively greater.Technological innovation input,environmental regulation and government intervention have positive effects,while the promotion effects of urban compactness and urbanization rate are not significant.Energy structure has a significant negative spatial spillover effect,and environmental regulation has a significant positive spatial spillover effect.There are significant differences in the effects of various factors on the efficiency of the two sub-stages of the ecological well-being transformation process.Secondly,there are also significant heterogeneities in the effects and mechanisms of the driving factors of the efficiency of each stage at different sub-locations,so that differentiated improvement strategies are proposed.This research reveals spatial-temporal variation,evolutionary patterns and spatial correlation characteristics of the ecological well-being performance from four aspects:comprehensive evaluation,dynamic evolution,network structure and influencing factors,and it also proposes more targeted measures to improve the ecological well-being performance,which can provide a reference for the formulation of a synergistic improvement strategy for the ecological well-being performance in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration. |
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