Research On Eco-efficiency Analysis And Improvement Of China’s Power Industry From The Perspective Of Energy Saving And Emission Reduction

The construction of ecological civilization is of great strategic significance to China’s sustainable development.The traditional extensive economic growth way with high energy consumption and high emissions has brought huge waste of resources and pollution emissions,making China’s unit energy consumption and unit carbon emissions far higher than the world average and developed countries.This highlights the large gap between China and developed countries on eco-efficiency.As the largest energy consumption and carbon emission sector in China,the power industry is related to the progress of modern society and national energy security.Its eco-efficiency level has always been the focus of government departments and enterprise management.A reasonable eco-efficiency evaluation method and improvement direction for the power industry will provide feasible guidance to improve eco-efficiency,save energy resources,and reduce pollutant emissions.Through the analysis and improvement research on the eco-efficiency of China’s power industry,it will provide a reference for the realization of energy saving and emission reduction goals in various industries,and then promote the overall victory of China’s ecological civilization construction.Based on the above research background and literature gaps,this paper is devoted to the analysis and improvement of eco-efficiency as the main research line,and the power industry as the research carrier,to provide methods and improvement paths.The research results of this paper include the following aspects:（1）Based on the material balance principle and Data Envelopment Analysis（DEA）,this study constructs an eco-efficiency analysis model that only considers the"black box"structure of the overall system,and an eco-efficiency analysis model that considers the internal structure of subsystems with shared inputs.Corresponding linear models are provided respectively for the two situations in which the allocation ratio of shared input is clear and unclear.This provides an eco-efficiency analysis method for network structures with shared inputs.Through the network DEA model and efficiency decomposition,we can analyze the influence of each subsystem on the overall system,and the relationship between the overall system efficiency and the subsystem efficiency.Then it provides a reasonable direction for the improvement of the production decision-making unit and the internal subsystems of the decision-making unit.Through empirical analysis of the thermal power industry,we can find that production efficiency is generally high,and the abatement efficiency dominates the improvement of eco-efficiency.Further,the efficiency variation of soot is an important factor affecting the abatement efficiency.For the emission reduction potential,by improving the eco-efficiency,the average annual emission reduction of SO₂and Soot is 28.11%and 31.41%of the actual emission,respectively.（2）Based on the production possibility set of eco-efficiency analysis,this paper constructs the corresponding DEA model to identify and measure the congestion effect of the total system and subsystem.Provide methods for congestion effect analysis of different production structures.These models can not only identify where the congestion effect occurs,strong or weak congestion effect,but also measure the specific congested amount of each index.The identification of congested locations and types enables targeted production management.The measurement of the congested amount provides adjustment recommendations for specific improvements,thereby preventing waste of resources and environmental damage.Through the analysis of the congestion effect of the thermal power industry,we find that the number of congested provinces in the production stage is much more than that in the abatement stage,which brings huge energy waste and unnecessary carbon emissions to the thermal power industry.It is necessary to focus on the congestion effect in the production stage,reducing unnecessary energy input and carbon emissions from the perspective of excessive investment.In particular,the labor is the most serious indicators.Among the provinces with serious congestion effect,Inner Mongolia basically has congestion effect all year round in two stages and abatement stage;Shandong and Jiangsu have the congestion effect mostly in the production stage.（3）From the perspective of energy structure transformationt,this paper constructs a DEA model and a benchmarking improvement method to adjust the energy mix in the short,medium,and long term.This will provide an energy-optimized path for eco-efficiency improvements.With the help of the return-risk analysis of portfolio optimization theory,the energy technology assets and energy portfolios are defined and constructed,taking into account economic and environmental benefits.Through the input-output process of the energy mix,a noval DEA model is constructed,and an improved method based on the sample frontier is provided to offer an analytical tool for finding the optimal energy mix adjustment scheme.In particular,considering that the application of energy technology is restricted by regional geographical conditions,each decision-making unit being evaluated can construct an energy mix that is more in line with the actual production capacity according to its own energy technology constraints.Through the optimization and adjustment of the energy mix of the provincial power industry,we find that:under the current cost structure of electricity,the short-term energy mix adjustment can be used as a transition to clean fossil fuels,and gradually form a coal-based to clean fossil fuel-centered energy mix.In the adjustment of the medium and long-term energy mix,the proportion of renewable energy can be increased.The orderly transformation from fossil fuel-dominated to renewable energy-centered can be promoted.In addition,according to the energy resource endowment and power generation technology level of each region,the energy mix adjustment plan should be formulated according to local conditions.（4）From the perspective of carbon quota allocation,this paper combines the DEA model and the non-cooperative game theory to allocate short,medium,and long-term carbon allowances respectively.This provides a carbon reduction pathway for eco-efficiency improvements.Based on the principles of fairness,efficiency,and feasibility,the corresponding models are proposed for the allocation of carbon allowances.In the short-and medium-term allocation model,by considering the technical heterogeneity among regions,the allocation of carbon allowances is analyzed based on the group frontier,the meta-frontier,and between the group frontier and the meta-frontier.In the long-term allocation,a long-term carbon allowance allocation model is constructed based on the common-weight DEA.Through the carbon allowance allocation of the power industry,we find that in the short-and medium-term carbon allowance allocation of the thermal power industry,the technical heterogeneity among regions should be fully considered.The scarce carbon emission right can be used as a reward and punishment mechanism to regulate the ecological efficiency of the provincial power industry.Therefore,various economic entities are encouraged to improve management capabilities and production technologies.Thus,the power industry can form a"catch-up"effect and accelerate the realization of the carbon peaking goal.In the long-term carbon quota allocation plan,the effective principle is met under the premise of ensuring fairness,which lays the foundation for the sustainable development of society.