Classification,Positioning,Allocation And Scheduling Of Emergency Resources For Chemical Industrial Parks

Since the reform and opening,China’s industrial industry has developed rapidly.As an important branch of industrial industry,the chemical industry,including chemical industry,oil refining and so on,has also developed by leaps and bounds.At present,the chemical industry has played an important role in China’s national economy and is one of China’s basic and pillar industries.Chemical industry park mainly refers to the industrial gathering place formed with petrochemical industry as the link.It is the product of modern industrial intensification,high efficiency and linkage.In many regions of China,chemical industry parks have become an important pillar of the local economy,creating a large number of jobs and GDP.The establishment of China’s chemical industry parks rose in the 1990s.Over the past 20 years,more and more chemical industry parks have been established in China.These chemical industry parks not only promoted the regional economic development,but also brought a series of security problems.There are a large number of flammable,explosive or toxic hazardous chemicals stored in chemical industry parks resulting in a large number of hazard installations.Coupled with the harsh production conditions and complex processes of chemical industry,as well as the imperfect safety planning of China’s chemical industry parks,many accidents occurred every year and often caused a large number of casualties and economic losses.In addition,due to the large number and dense distribution of hazard installations in chemical industry parks,the happened accident is easy to spread as domino effect.Domino effect will make the accident scale expand rapidly and cause more serious accident consequences.Emergency management mainly refers to a series of work taken by the government or other public institutions to reduce accident losses before,during and after the occurrence of emergencies,including prevention,preparation,emergency response and so on.Adopting scientific emergency management methods can effectively reduce property losses and casualties caused by accidents.At present,the discipline of emergency management has developed to a certain height and has become an important discipline in the field of safety science.However,the previous studies on emergency management at home and abroad,especially on accident preparedness and response,are mainly aimed at natural disasters,such as earthquake,tsunami,hurricane and so on.Emergency management mainly includes emergency preparation before the accident and emergency response after the accident,such as the pro-positioning,allocation and scheduling of emergency resources.However,the accidents in chemical industry parks have their unique particularity,such as accident domino effect and so on,the existing emergency management methods that were mainly proposed for natural disasters cannot be directly applied.In the area where a large number of chemical industry parks are established,that can be called a chemical industry parks concentrated area,the emergency management for those chemical industry parks concentrated areas should be also studied specially.In a chemical industry parks concentrated area,huge geographical space and a large number of chemical industry parks will put forward new requirements for the technology of emergency management.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the emergency management of accidents in chemical industry parks and chemical industry parks concentrated areas,and improve the efficiency of emergency preparedness and emergency response in chemical industry parks and chemical industry parks concentrated areas through scientific methods,so as to reduce the losses caused by accidents in chemical parks and ensure the safety of people’s lives and property.Emergency resources are the guarantee and material basis of emergency management.The management and classification of emergency resources are also the basis of emergency management.Therefore,the first research direction of this paper is to classify the emergency resources in chemical industry parks of concentrated areas according to multiple classification attributes:function,the layer of protection and the supplying priority for various accident types,based on the characteristics of accidents in chemical industry parks of concentrated areas and the needs of emergency management.Using the hybrid classification method,a classification system that can store several important factors of emergency response of emergency resources with the unique classification code is proposed.In this work,the classification object is not the traditional type of emergency resources,but the attributes including the storage location and type that is called the species of emergency resources.The hybrid classification of emergency resources can help quickly retrieval which emergency resources should be supplied and where they are after an accident happening.Therefore,the hybrid classification method of emergency resources proposed in this paper is of great significance to improve the efficiency of emergency management in chemical industry parks of concentrated areas.The pre-storing of emergency resources is one of the key contents of emergency preparedness before the accident,that is,the reserve decision of emergency resources,which includes the storage location and inventory decisions.Reasonable pre-storing strategy of emergency resources can improve the efficiency of emergency resources arriving at the accident site after the accident happening,to effectively reduce the accident losses.The concentrated area of chemical industrial parks means a large area where many chemical industrial parks are established.According to the distributing characteristics of demand points in such area,a mathematical model of hierarchical positioning of emergency resources is proposed to ensure that accidents in all chemical industry parks in the area can be responded timely and effectively.Considering accident domino effect and aiming at minimizing the total cost,the model gives optimal decisions of positioning emergency resources,including the storage location and inventory decisions.The hierarchical positioning method greatly reduces the total cost in the premise of sufficient preparation for supplying emergency resources.Finally,in a visual graph of the Yangtze River Delta,the model is applied and the result shows its applicability.The strategy of allocation and scheduling of emergency resources refers to how to efficiently transport the emergency resources from the known depots to the accident site to participating in various tasks to reduce the accident losses.Accidents in chemical industry parks can result in mass casualties and the risk may escalate due to domino effect.However,most of the existing models of emergency logistics do not account for domino effect and may be unsuitable for emergency response to accidents inchemical industry parks.This paper presents a mathematical model proposed for optimal assignments of allocating and scheduling emergency resources for rescuing victims and preventing accident spreading simultaneously.The characteristics about the accident scenario and available emergency resources are important information that can affect the efficiency of emergency response,which are focused on by the model as input variables and constraints.The efficiency of emergency response is evaluated by the total number of fatalities and the amount of losses caused by domino effect that are cooperated in the optimal objective of the model.Besides,the model incorporates dynamic functions to deal with the variation of the accident scenario.A numerical case study was conducted by solving the model using a designed heuristic algorithm.The result showed the applicability and reliability of the proposed model for making optimal assignments for emergency response to accidents in chemical industry parks.Above all,the purpose of this paper is to study the classification,positioning,allocation and scheduling of emergency resources based on the particularity of the accident in chemical industry parks and chemical industry parks concentrated areas.The study aims are all to improve the work efficiency of emergency management,help reduce the possible losses caused by accidents in the chemical park,and better protect the safety of people’s lives and property.