| With the development of agricultural scale and intensification in China,the total input of pesticides has increased significantly.While agricultural comprehensive production capacity has been significantly improved,accompanied by serious problems of extensive use of natural resources and environmental pollution,which is highlighted by the amount of pesticide packaging waste has gradually shown a rising trend,and the phenomenon of pesticide packaging waste discarded everywhere and burned still appears in the fields.More than 3 billion pesticide packaging waste are discarded each year in China,with a total weight of more than 100,000 tons.Faced with the reality that the environmental,agricultural product safety and human health hazards caused by the pollution of pesticide packaging waste are increasingly emerging,it is urgent to continuously promote the recycling management of pesticide packaging waste.Although,in recent years,the government has continued to strengthen and promote the recycling of pesticide packaging waste,the introduction of a series of policy planning and measures,but the pesticide packaging waste pollution still has not been effectively curbed in China.Farmers are the discarders of pesticide packaging waste and the direct beneficiaries of pesticide packaging waste recycling.They have the endogenous motivation to participate in the pesticide packaging waste recycling and improve the ecological environment,and they are also the key force for efficient pesticide packaging waste recycling.In addition,pesticide packaging waste recycling brings huge social and ecological benefits and has significant positive externalities.In order to compensate for the cost of farmers’ participation in pesticide packaging waste recycling,it is necessary to design and optimize a set of pesticide packaging waste recycling compensation mechanism that can stimulate farmers’ enthusiasm.However,at present,firstly,the main role of farmers in pesticide packaging waste recycling is missing;secondly,the design and implementation of“top-down” and “one-size-fits-all” pesticide packaging waste recycling compensation policy has constrained the implementation of recycling compensation policy due to the neglect of farmers’ preferences.Therefore,this paper takes Yan’an City and Xianyang City in Shaanxi Province as examples,combines the data of 1073 farmers,and conducts research in accordance with the logic of “theoretical preparation and research framework construction→analysis of the practices and problems of domestic and foreign pesticide packaging waste recycling→analysis of farmers’ willingness to participate in pesticide packaging waste recycling with or without compensation→calculation of differentiated compensation standard of farmers’ participation in pesticide packaging waste recycling,revelation of farmers’ preference for pesticide packaging waste recycling compensation scheme → suggestions on farmers’ participation in recycling,compensation standards,compensation scheme and other related measures”.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:Firstly,the practices of domestic and foreign pesticide packaging waste recycling can provide experience learning and problem avoidance.Foreign pesticide packaging waste recycling model is mainly “farmers pay + farmers recycle” model,“enterprises pay +farmers recycle” model,“government purchase + farmers recycle/contractor door-to-door collection” model,“enterprise pay and government purchase + farmer recycle” model.They mainly have the common characteristics of emphasizing the responsibility of relevant subjects,attaching importance to the participation of farmers,focusing on cleaning and classification in the recycling process,and diversifying the sources of recycling funds.Domestic pesticide packaging waste recycling model is mainly “pesticide sales enterprises pay + farmers recycle” and “purchase + farmers/specialists recycle” model,which have problems such as insufficient participation of farmers,lack of differentiation of recycling programs and compensation standards,failure of the design of recycling compensation scheme to reflect farmers’ preferences,and imperfect related measures.Secondly,the progress of pesticide packaging waste recycling in the study area is slow,farmers’ centralized disposal behavior is low,and their awareness of recycling is high.Among the 1073 farmers,only 569 farmers(53.03%)conducted centralized disposal behavior of all pesticide packaging waste.Farmers have high awareness of the importance of pesticide packaging waste recycling,attitude toward cleaning and sorting,and ability to recycle.How to convert cognition into willingness and then implement it into behavior is the focus and difficulty of pesticide packaging waste recycling at this stage.Thirdly,the decision-making process of farmers’ participation in pesticide packaging waste recycling is divided into two stages: willingness to participate in basic recycling and willingness to participate in additional recycling,which are two different decision-making processes with significant differences in the influence mechanisms and internal mechanisms behind them.In the case of no compensation,469 farmers are willing to participate in the basic recycling program,and only 119 farmers are willing to participate in the additional recycling program.And collectivism has a significant positive effect on farmers’ willingness to participate in basic recycling,but it does not have a significant effect on farmers’ willingness to participate in additional recycling.Long-term orientation has a significant positive effect on farmers’ willingness to participate in basic recycling,but a significant negative effect on farmers’ willingness to participate in additional recycling.Descriptive social norms do not have a significant effect on farmers’ willingness to participate in basic recycling,and injunctive social norms have a significant positive effect on farmers’ willingness to participate in basic recycling.The effect of environmental emotions on farmers’ willingness to participate in basic recycling and additional recycling both are not significant.Hazard perception had a significant positive effect on farmers’ willingness to participate in basic recycling,but it did not have a significant effect on farmers’ willingness to participate in additional recycling.With compensation,1060 farmers expressed willingness to participate in basic recycling program and additional recycling program,and recycling compensation can increase farmers’ willingness to participate in pesticide packaging waste recycling.Fourthly,different pesticide packaging waste recycling programs should adopt differentiated compensation standards.There are significant differences in the preferences of different farmers for additional recycling programs.65.98% of farmers prefer not to standardized cleaning of pesticide packaging waste,55.53% of farmers prefer to sort pesticide packaging waste,and 69.09% of farmers prefer to door-to-door collection of pesticide packaging waste.Recycling compensation has a significant incentive effect on farmers’ participation in pesticide packaging waste recycling programs.The compensation standard for farmers to participate in the basic pesticide packaging waste recycling program is 22.12 yuan/year,accounting for 0.78% of the annual cost of pesticide purchase;the additional compensation standard for farmers to participate in the additional pesticide packaging waste recycling program is 82.85 yuan/year,accounting for 2.9% of the annual cost of pesticide purchase;the total compensation standard is 104.97 yuan/year,accounting for 3.68% of the annual cost of pesticide purchase.In addition,there are differences in the compensation standard for fruit growers and vegetable growers to participate in the pesticide packaging waste recycling program.The total compensation standard for fruit growers and vegetable growers participating in the pesticide packaging waste recycling program are 40.32 yuan/year and 219.22 yuan/year,respectively,accounting for 1.01% and15.28% of the annual cost of pesticide purchase,respectively.Fifthly,farmers are willing to participate in diversified pesticide packaging waste recycling compensation schemes,and prefer diversified recycling compensation schemes of compensation in the form of cash,higher compensation for additional work hours,arbitrary compensation basis,with spiritual rewards and related technical guidance.Farmers being young,highly educated,with small arable land,and high household income prefer to participate in pesticide packaging waste recycling compensation schemes.There are significant differences in the preferences of different farmers for the attributes of pesticide packaging waste recycling compensation schemes.71.65% of the farmers believe that the utility of redeeming goods is lower than the average utility of any form of compensation;65.78% of the farmers prefer spiritual rewards;77.52% of the farmers prefer technical guidance.Among these attributes,farmers have the strongest preference for technical guidance.There is heterogeneity in the preferences of fruit growers and vegetable growers for pesticide packaging waste recycling compensation programs.Fruit growers preferred recycling compensation schemes of compensation in the form of cash,higher compensation for additional work hours,arbitrary compensation basis,and with spiritual rewards and related technical guidance;vegetable growers preferred recycling compensation schemes of compensation in the form of cash,higher compensation for additional work hours,compensation based on the number of pesticide packaging waste,with spiritual rewards and related technical guidance.Finally,based on a systematic summary of the research findings,this paper puts forward corresponding policy recommendations in terms of farmers’ participation in pesticide packaging waste recycling,compensation standards,compensation schemes,and other related measures,in order to provide scientific basis and theoretical support for breaking the dilemma of pesticide packaging waste recycling in China. |
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