Research On Carbon Compensation In Provinces Of China Based On Carbon Budget Accounting

Developing green economy is not only a choice given to us by the times,but also a responsibility given to us by the times,which undertakes the dual mission of developing the economy and protecting the environment.At the general debate of the 75th United Nations General Assembly,President Xi Jinping solemnly declared,"China will increase its nationally determined contribution,adopt more powerful policies and measures,and strive to achieve a peak in carbon dioxide emissions by 2030,and strive to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060.".Therefore,for all regions in China,carbon neutrality is the goal to be achieved.Because there are great differences in ecological environment and unbalanced economic development in various regions,the difficulty of its realization is also different.Carbon compensation is an effective means to coordinate regional ecological environment protection,promote economic development and realize carbon neutralization.The purpose of carbon compensate is to promote carbon emission reduction and achieve regional equity and sustainable development.Based on the carbon compensation mechanism,the paper carried out research.Firstly,The paper calculates the carbon emissions and carbon absorption in each region based on the energy balance sheet and other inventory data.Secondly,from the perspective of ecological equity,the carbon emission and carbon absorption are modified by mathematical programming method and equivalent factor method respectively,and a carbon compensation model including regional economic efficiency,natural endowment,willingness to pay and ability to pay is constructed from the perspective of capital supply.After analyzing its spatial characteristics and spatial effects,the priority of carbon compensation in each region was calculated from the perspective of capital needs.Finally,relevant conclusions and suggestions are given according to the research content of the thesis.Based on the research objectives of the thesis,starting from the carbon compensate mechanism,according to the research framework,the research content and research sequence are determined,including six parts in total.The first part is the theoretical basis of the thesis,including Chapter 1 and 2.After confirming the research background and significance of the thesis,the follow-up research is carried out with the support of sustainable development theory,regional coordinated development theory,externality theory,and ecological value theory.Then,the relevant literature on carbon compensation at home and abroad is sorted into four aspects:the connotation and mechanism of carbon compensation,the source of basic data,the research field and research scale,and the construction and correction of carbon compensation model.These existing related research results provide very important theoretical inspiration and research ideas for the further study and expansion of carbon compensate.But there are still some shortcomings,especially there is still a lot of exploration space for the quantification and correction of carbon compensation.The second part is the accounting and analysis of the carbon budget,including Chapters 3 and 4.This part not only lays the data foundation for the paper,but also paves the way for the subsequent correction of carbon emission and carbon absorption.The Chapter 3 is to determine the content of the carbon budget account and its accounting methods,etc.Based on the research objectives,the principles,scope,accounting methods and parameters of carbon budget accounting are determined.The specific accounting methods and parameters of each sub-item are determined based on relevant studies such as my country’s"Guidelines for Compiling Provincial Greenhouse Gas Inventories(Trial)"and"IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories(2006)".As the key emission source,the carbon emission of energy consumption is accounted in detail.Through data processing of the energy balance sheets of various regions from 2000 to 2019,various types of energy consumption are calculated and avoid double counting of thermal power generation and heating.Based on the accounting method of carbon budget in Chapter 3,through the collection and arrangement of relevant data,the paper shows the carbon budget lists of China and 30 provinces.Taking the"National Carbon Budget List"as an example,this thesis analyzes the total carbon emission and carbon absorption and its structure across the country.Then the sub-items are used to understand the carbon budget and structure of the 30provinces.As the consequences and outcomes of greenhouse gas emissions and absorption are often non-exclusive,which involves the fairness of the contribution of ecological capacity and economic contribution.The third part is the revised model of carbon emission and carbon absorption,including Chapter 5.Carbon emission and carbon absorption are the basic data to determine the amount of carbon compensation.The value of these two indicators directly determines the subject and object of carbon compensation.In Chapter 4,which analyzes the fairness of carbon emissions in various regions from the perspective of ecological and economic equity,it is found that there are large differences in ecological capacity and economic efficiency between regions.In this regard,the paper considers the correction of carbon emissions and carbon absorption from the perspective of economic efficiency and ecological equity.Based on the existing economic efficiency measurement models,the paper selects a super-SBM model with undesired output.Carbon emissions are further corrected based on the undesired output slack it derives in additive form.Therefore,for regions with inefficient economic production(~*<1),which carbon emissions will be amplified;When the production of a region is completely efficient(~*≥1),which carbon emissions still maintain the original level.From the perspective of ecological equity,the study uses the equivalent factor method,which is widely used and can reflect the differences in natural endowments in various regions,to correct the original carbon absorption.Finally,the carbon absorption correction factor_is obtained and introduced into the correction model in the form of multiplication.When the ecological background of a certain area is poor,_will be greater than 1,and its carbon absorption will be amplified,which will play a"subsidy"role in the subsequent carbon compensation model.Otherwise,it will be reduced.Adjustε_iagain based on the data form of the paper and the actual calculation results,the annual average valueε_i ofε_iin each region during the study period is adopted,and the correction of carbon emissions is used.In order to prevent the subsequent"inexplicable deduction"of carbon compensation in areas with good ecological background,the carbon absorption in such areas is not corrected,andε_i=1 is specified.The fourth part is the construction and analysis of carbon compensation model,including chapter 6.Firstly,from the perspective of carbon compensation fund supply,this paper determines the carbon compensation coefficient r that can reflect the regional willingness to pay and ability to pay.These two factors are the subjective and objective reflection respectively.Together with the carbon trading price and the revised net carbon emission,this paper constructs the carbon compensation model.Secondly,based on this coefficient and other relevant data,the carbon compensation amount of each region is calculated and analyzed.It is found that the regional horizontal cumulative carbon compensation amount is far less than the cumulative carbon payment amount.The overall layout of carbon compensation basically still shows a trend of gradually decreasing from the eastern coast to the inland,and the correction makes the distinction between carbon payment and carbon compensation more obvious.Then,the global and local spatial autocorrelation models are used to judge the agglomeration of regional carbon compensation in different years.And the result shows that there is a positive agglomeration effect of regional carbon compensation.Finally,it analyzes the influencing factors of carbon compensation rate from the aspects of economic development,energy consumption,industrial structure and others.The results of the model show that there is a positive spillover effect in the carbon compensation rate.Every 1%increase in the carbon compensation rate in the adjacent areas will increase the carbon compensation rate by 0.312%.The fifth part is to determine the priority of carbon compensation in each region,including Chapter 7.From the perspective of capital demand,this part considers the demand degree of carbon compensation amount in each region.On the basis of previous studies,the priority of carbon compensation is further improved.According to the priority evaluation matrix,the key carbon payment areas and carbon compensation areas in different years are finally determined.The sixth part is the conclusion and suggestion part,including Chapter 8.This part summarizes the research content and puts forward some suggestions on carbon budget accounting and carbon compensation.The paper has carried out the work with certain innovation significance in the following three aspects.Different from the energy consumption data used in previous carbon compensation studies,this paper uses the energy consumption based on the energy balance sheet to calculate the carbon emissions of energy combustion,avoiding the double calculation of thermal power generation and heating parts.Not only to expand the application of energy balance sheet,and the measurement accuracy has also been improved to a certain extent.The carbon absorption correction factor is improved and optimized from the perspective of ecological equity,which not only avoids the"inexplicable deduction"of carbon absorption in areas with good ecological conditions,but also realizes some compensation for areas with poor ecological conditions.The paper not only calculates carbon compensation in each region from the perspective of capital supply,but also considers the urgency of local carbon compensation in each region from the perspective of demand,making carbon compensation operable to a certain extent.