| With the continuous advancement of reform and opening up,especially after its accession to the WTO,China’s foreign trade has shown a spurt of development and has become the world’s largest trading country.However,with the occurrence of events such as Trump’s election as President of the United States and the "Brexit" of the United Kingdom,the tide of counter-globalization has risen day by day,especially the outbreak of the new crown epidemic since 2020,which has exacerbated the instability of the global economy.In the face of the current complex and changeable internal and external environment,China has always unswervingly implemented the policy of expanding opening to the outside world;despite the pressure of the economic downturn,the Chinese government still attaches great importance to ecological protection and strictly implements environmental regulations and policies.However,the existing research on trade policy and environmental policy is often discussed from a single perspective.There is no document in a unified framework that explores the synergy of trade policy and environmental policy on micro-enterprises’ production behavior and consumer welfare.Objectively analyze and study the coordination role of China’s trade policy in the impact of environmental policy on micro-enterprise production behavior and consumer welfare,which can help to realize the effective implementation of environmental policy,achieve the purpose of restraining enterprise pollution discharge and protecting the ecological environment;and It provides new research perspectives and thinking paths for how to reduce the impact of environmental regulation on the production cost of enterprises,improve product quality,and improve consumer welfare,so as to achieve the goal of effectively promoting high-quality economic development.Based on the assumption of non-similar preference,this thesis uses the Stone-Geary type utility function to simultaneously introduce the product quality and pollution emissions of the heterogeneous enterprise into the production function of the heterogeneous enterprise to construct a general equilibrium model.First,in a closed situation,study the impact of the implementation of environmental regulations on corporate pollution emissions,product prices,and product quality.Then,the model was extended to open situations,and the coordination effect of trade liberalization in the implementation of environmental regulation policies was systematically and comprehensively investigated,and the influence mechanism contained therein was revealed.On this basis,corresponding theoretical hypotheses were put forward;combined with microenterprise data,The theoretical hypothesis is verified through empirical analysis.Finally,through the method of numerical simulation,the coordination effect of trade liberalization in the impact of environmental regulation on consumer welfare is further studied.The main conclusions of this dissertation are composed of the following aspects,and the conclusions drawn mainly include:Firstly,through theoretical analysis,it is found that environmental regulation and trade liberalization have an inhibitory effect on corporate pollution emissions,and it is concluded that trade liberalization can strengthen the inhibitory effect of environmental regulations on corporate pollution emissions.Based on theoretical hypotheses,the dissertation further uses the pollution emissions data of Chinese industrial enterprises,Chinese industrial enterprises data and tariff data from 2001 to 2012 to verify the impact of environmental regulations and trade liberalization on corporate pollution emissions,and focuses on trade freedom The coordination effect of environmental regulation in the implementation of environmental regulations.Regression analysis based on different environmental regulations,trade liberalization measurement methods,and removal of outliers shows that the main results are still robust.Mechanism analysis found that environmental regulation and trade liberalization and the interaction between the two mainly affect the pollution emissions of enterprises through the two channels of "enterprise output" and "green technology progress".Secondly,based on theoretical analysis,it is found that the strengthening of environmental regulations will affect the product prices of enterprises through the two opposite channels of "cost plus effect" and "marginal cost effect";and under long-term equilibrium conditions,environmental regulation will "Marginal cost effect" will dominate and will eventually lead to an increase in the price of a company’s products;at the same time,it is found that trade liberalization will weaken the effect of environmental regulations on product prices.Based on theoretical analysis,we use micro-enterprise data from 2001 to2013 to empirically verify that the strengthening of environmental regulations will increase product prices,and we have also explored the synergy of trade liberalization in the impact of environmental regulations on product prices.In the robust analysis of changing the proxy indicators of explanatory variables and eliminating outliers,the regression results are still consistent,and the mechanism analysis also verified the two function channels of "markup" and "marginal cost".Thirdly,the "Porter Hypothesis" was verified from the perspective of product quality,confirming that the implementation of environmental regulations will promote the improvement of product quality;and trade liberalization can strengthen the quality upgrade effect of environmental regulations.Based on theoretical hypotheses,we use China Customs data,Chinese industrial enterprise data and tariff data from 2001 to 2013 to construct an econometric model to empirically verify the impact of strengthening environmental regulations on product quality.At the same time,we also focused on trade liberalization.Significantly strengthen the role of environmental regulations in promoting product quality.From the perspective of the impact mechanism,environmental regulation and trade liberalization mainly affect the company’s "R&D and innovation" and "product prices",which in turn have an impact on the quality of the company’s products.Fourthly,through numerical simulation methods,the impact of environmental regulations on consumer welfare is studied,and the synergy of trade liberalization in the impact of environmental regulations on consumer welfare is explored.First,in a closed situation,analyze the impact of the implementation of environmental regulations on consumer welfare from the perspective of demand and emissions;then,from the overall perspective,while considering the impact of demand and emissions,study the impact of environmental regulations on consumer welfare.Finally,in the context of openness,it is found that trade openness plays an important coordinating role in the impact of environmental regulations on consumer welfare,and it will bring about the improvement of consumer welfare.Based on the main conclusions above,the main policy recommendations consist of three parts.First of all,we should unswervingly implement the policy of "promoting high-quality development through the construction of ecological civilization".First of all,scientific and reasonable environmental regulation policies should be formulated,and different emission collection standards should be formulated according to different types of pollution emissions of enterprises,so as to achieve compatibility between the reduction of pollution emissions and the improvement of consumer welfare;second,the formulation of strict environmental regulations At the same time as the policy,the R&D support for enterprise emission reduction technologies should also be increased.The government can provide financial support,tax incentives,and green credit for emission reduction technology R&D companies,instead of just adopting strict environmental regulations and policies to adopt a “one size fits all” policy."Type simple governance;finally,the implementation of environmental regulations may lead to the withdrawal of some enterprises and cause short-term unemployment.The impact of short-term unemployment caused by environmental regulations can be reduced by strengthening social security systems such as reemployment and unemployment insurance.Secondly,it is necessary to unswervingly implement the policy of opening to the outside world and promote the endogenous driving force of sustainable trade development.First of all,we should continue to promote the development of a higher level of open economy,and the improvement of trade liberalization can significantly curb the pollution emissions of enterprises,and also restrain enterprises from raising product prices,improve their production efficiency,and bring about improvements in product quality.Through the implementation of measures to reduce the overall level of import tariffs,improve the level of customs clearance,continue to relax market access,promote the opening of service business,create a world-class business environment,accelerate the construction of free trade zones,and promote the in-depth development of multilateral and bilateral cooperation.Expand the opening-up policy to provide endogenous driving force for sustainable economic development;then,we should continue to deepen the reform of the liberalization of trade in intermediate goods,further reduce the import tariffs on intermediate goods,encourage enterprises to optimize the import structure of intermediate goods,and encourage enterprises Import higher quality and cleaner intermediate products.The third is to coordinate environmental and trade policies to promote high-quality economic development.On the one hand,by further opening up the introduction of green technologies and products,assisting the implementation of environmental policies,and actively liberalizing the introduction of green technologies and green products,tariff reduction and exemption policies can be implemented for specific emission reduction equipment and green products,through the introduction of advanced production technologies And green products,reduce pollution emissions in the production process,and promote product quality improvement;on the other hand,the government can formulate environmental regulations and policies for specific types of foreign trade companies to prevent them from transferring production links or pollutants,and forcing manufacturers to conduct research and development Innovation,the introduction of green production technology and green intermediate products,the production and export of high-quality green products,and the realization of environmental policies to promote the development of green trade.The structure of this dissertation is as follows: In addition to the introduction and conclusion,it also includes seven chapters.The introduction briefly introduces the research background and significance,research ideas and content,main research methods,and innovations and deficiencies.The first chapter is a literature review,which mainly systematically sorts out three types of literature.The first category is the literature on the study of the microeconomic effects of environmental regulations,which are developed from three aspects: the impact of environmental regulations on pollution emissions,the impact of environmental regulations on innovation,and the impact of environmental regulations on product quality.The second category is the literature on the research on the impact of trade liberalization,which systematically sorts out the impact of trade liberalization on enterprise innovation and product quality,and summarizes the related literature on the welfare effect analysis of trade liberalization.The third category is the literature on the environmental effects of trade,which mainly summarizes and summarizes the existing literature from two aspects: the research on the environmental effects of imports and the research on the environmental effects of exports.The last is a brief comment.The second chapter is the theoretical analysis part of this dissertation.First of all,starting from the closed situation,based on the assumption of non-similar preference,using the Stone-Geary type utility function,in the production function of heterogeneous enterprises,the product quality and enterprise pollution emissions are introduced respectively,and the general equilibrium model is constructed.Through the comparison of static Analyze the impact of environmental regulations on the critical productivity of enterprises,the number of successfully entered enterprises,pollution emissions,product prices,and product quality upgrades.Then,further,the model is extended to openness,assuming that there are iceberg-type trade costs between countries,combined with the equilibrium solution under the multi-country symmetrical situation,and through comparative static analysis,it is concluded that the environmental regulation of trade liberalization affects corporate pollution emissions,product prices,and product prices.The synergy in the impact of product quality upgrades leads to related propositional hypotheses and provides a micro-theoretical basis for subsequent empirical research.The third chapter is the evolution and facts of China’s environmental regulation policies and trade liberalization.This part first systematically sorts out the evolution of environmental policies,and makes a statistical description of the characteristics and facts of environmental pollution control investment and various types of pollution emissions;then,we further introduce the process of trade liberalization,and apply tariffs and tariffs on final products.Descriptive analysis of changes in tariffs on intermediate goods;Finally,it further draws a diagram of the moderating effect of trade liberalization in the implementation of environmental regulations.Pave the way for the empirical analysis in the following chapters.The fourth chapter is the beginning of the main empirical analysis of this dissertation.This chapter combines micro-enterprise-level data such as the China Industrial Enterprise Database and China Industrial Enterprise Pollution Emission Database to examine the impact of environmental regulations and trade liberalization on corporate pollution reduction from an empirical level.Combined with theoretical analysis,this chapter first builds an econometric model,combined with micro-enterprise data,to empirically test the synergistic effects of environmental regulation and trade liberalization,as well as the interaction between the two,on corporate pollution emissions.In addition to the benchmark regression analysis,this chapter further deals with the possible endogenous problems and conducts a series of robustness tests;then,divide the samples according to the company’s ownership,different regions of the company,and the size of the company for heterogeneity analysis;Finally,we will verify the impact of environmental regulation and trade liberalization on corporate pollution emissions from the two channels of corporate output and green technological progress.The fifth chapter combines micro-enterprise data such as the China Industrial Enterprise Database and China Customs Database to construct a measurement model that includes environmental regulation and trade liberalization as well as product prices to empirically test the impact of environmental regulation and trade liberalization on corporate product prices,and focus on Attention has been paid to the coordinating role of trade liberalization in the impact of environmental regulations on product prices.Through benchmark regression,dealing with endogenous issues,and performing various robustness tests,the results obtained are all robust;then,through heterogeneity analysis,study the impact of the two on product prices in enterprise ownership,regions,and different trade methods Finally,combined with theoretical analysis,from the two channels of enterprise marginal cost and cost plus,verify the impact mechanism of environmental regulation and trade liberalization on the price of enterprise products.The sixth chapter is the final purpose of the quantitative analysis of this dissertation,combined with the analysis of the theoretical model in the previous dissertation,through the measurement method to verify the synergy of environmental regulation and trade liberalization on the upgrading of enterprise product quality.First,use China’s customs data to measure product quality at the enterprise level,and then combine the Chinese industrial enterprise data set database to study the relationship between environmental regulation and trade liberalization and enterprise product quality.Continuing the measurement analysis methods in the previous chapters,combining benchmark regression,endogenous analysis,robustness analysis,heterogeneity analysis,and testing of influence channels,it not only verifies the impact of environmental regulations and trade liberalization on enterprise product quality,but also verifies Trade liberalization plays an important coordinating role in the impact of environmental regulations on enterprise product quality.Lay a solid microtheoretical foundation for the proposal of relevant policy recommendations.The seventh chapter is the welfare analysis part,which mainly combines the previous theoretical models and numerical simulation methods to analyze the impact of environmental regulations on consumer welfare,and focuses on the important coordination of trade liberalization in the impact of environmental regulations on consumer welfare.effect.First,in a closed situation,by assigning key parameters,using Mathematica software,and using numerical simulation methods,draw the relationship between environmental regulations and consumer welfare;then,further consider the coordination effect of trade liberalization,using corporate pollution Emission data is used to estimate the emission technical parameters of various types of pollutants of enterprises,and assign values to other parameters,and finally conclude that trade liberalization will promote the effect of environmental regulation on consumer welfare.Finally,there are the conclusions,countermeasures and research prospects of this dissertation. |
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